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41.
Bauer NB O'Neill E Sheahan BJ Cassidy J McAllister H 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2004,33(3):168-172
A 3-year-old Wirehaired Fox Terrier was presented to the University Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin, for evaluation of chronic cough of 8-months duration. Bronchoscopy showed a severely dilated collapsed left principal bronchus filled with highly viscous white mucus. Cytologically, globular lipid-like material and round concentrically laminated crystalline structures were evident within the proteinaceous mucus. These findings resembled the calcospherites and granular caseous debris often observed in human tuberculous patients. A Ziehl-Neelsen-stained cytocentrifuged preparation of material obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage revealed a few acid-fast rods within macrophages, suggestive of tuberculosis. At necropsy, granulomas with caseous necrosis were present in the lung parenchyma, bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes, liver, pancreas, and mesentery. Granulomas were adherent to both kidney capsules and to the diaphragm. Histologically, there was evidence of mild calcification within caseous granulomas, which was confirmed by von Kossa's stain. Using Ziehl-Neelsen stain, acid-fast rods were identified within granulomas; bacterial culture was positive for Mycobacterium bovis. The cytologic findings in this case have not been reported previously in dogs and demonstrate a possible correlation between tuberculosis and calcospherite-like bodies with caseous, globular material in bronchial mucus, similar to that described in human patients. 相似文献
42.
Pastalkova E Serrano P Pinkhasova D Wallace E Fenton AA Sacktor TC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5790):1141-1144
Analogous to learning and memory storage, long-term potentiation (LTP) is divided into induction and maintenance phases. Testing the hypothesis that the mechanism of LTP maintenance stores information requires reversing this mechanism in vivo and finding out whether long-term stored information is lost. This was not previously possible. Recently however, persistent phosphorylation by the atypical protein kinase C isoform, protein kinase Mzeta (PKMz), has been found to maintain late LTP in hippocampal slices. Here we show that a cell-permeable PKMz inhibitor, injected in the rat hippocampus, both reverses LTP maintenance in vivo and produces persistent loss of 1-day-old spatial information. Thus, the mechanism maintaining LTP sustains spatial memory. 相似文献
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Steven De Decker DVM PhD Emma Davies DVM Diplomate ECVN Livia Benigni DVM Diplomate ECVDI Helen Wilson BVSc Ludovic Pelligand DVM PhD Diplomate ECVAA Emma L. Rayner BSc BVetMed FRCPath MRCVS Nadia Shihab MA VetMB Diplomate ECVN Holger A. Volk DVM PhD Diplomate ECVN 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(6):766-771
45.
Emma Fishbourne Evelyne Hutet Charles Abrams Roland Cariolet Marie-Frédérique Le Potier Haru-H Takamatsu Linda K Dixon 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):87
Modulation of the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors in whole blood was compared following infection of pigs with high and low virulence isolates of African swine fever virus. Levels of mRNAs for CCL2, CCL3L1, CCL4, CXCL10, CCR1 and CCR5 were significantly increased in at least one time point following infection in two experiments and CCL5, CCR9 and CXCR4 mRNA were significantly increased in one of the experiments. The results showed that greatest fold increases in mRNAs for CXCL10 and CCL2 were observed following infection of pigs. CXCL10 mRNA was increased by up to 15 fold in infected compared to uninfected pigs. CXCL10 protein was also detected in serum from pigs infected with the high virulence Benin 97/1 isolate. Levels of CCL2 mRNA were increased in pigs infected with high virulence Benin 97/1 isolate compared to low virulence OURT88/3 isolate and this correlated with an increase of greater than 30 fold in levels of CCL2 protein detected in serum from pigs infected with this isolate. An increase in overall chemotaxis active compounds in defibrinated plasma samples from Benin 97/1 infected pigs was observed at 3 days post-infection (dpi) and a decrease by 7 dpi as measured by chemotaxis assay using normal pig leucocytes in vitro. Increased levels of CXCL10 may either contribute to the activation of lymphocyte priming toward the Th1 phenotype or induction of T lymphocyte apoptosis. Increased levels of CCL2, a chemoattractant for macrophages, may result in increased recruitment of monocytes from bone marrow thus increasing the pool of cells susceptible to infection. 相似文献
46.
Jaime Viscasillas Richard Everson Emma Kate Mapletoft Charlotte Dawson 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2019,46(2):246-250
Objective
To describe a novel ultrasound-guided posterior extraconal block in the dog.Study design
Prospective experimental cadaveric study.Animals
A total of 13 Beagle Cross cadaver heads.Methods
After describing the ultrasound bony landmarks and posterior extraconal local regional technique in one head, 12 heads were used to evaluate the spreading of contrast and evaluate potential complications. A 5–8 MHz microconvex ultrasound probe was positioned caudal to the orbital ligament, with the beam orientated transversely, and then tilted caudally until the orbital fissure was visualized. After identifying the bony structures consistent with the orbital fissure, a needle was advanced using an in-plane technique and 0.5 mL of a 50:50 mixture of iohexol and methylene blue was injected. Computed tomography (CT) and dissection were used to evaluate successful injections and potential complications. The injection was considered successful if radiopaque contrast medium was 5 mm from the orbital fissure. Potential complications were defined as the presence of radiopaque contrast within the globe or the intracalvarial tissues.Results
The CT images confirmed contrast at the target site in 15/24 (63%) of the injections. Only two injections were found in the temporalis muscle; the rest of the injections were located in the extraconal space. No potential complications such as intracranial spreading of contrast, intravascular or intraocular injection were found.Conclusions and clinical relevance
The technique can deliver contrast close to the main nerves which provide sensory and motor innervation to the eye. Further studies are needed to evaluate this technique in clinical cases. 相似文献47.
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Indicators of success for smart law enforcement in protected areas: A case study for Russian Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) reserves
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Michiel H. H. HÖTTE Igor A. KOLODIN Sergei L. BEREZNUK Jonathan C. SLAGHT Linda L. KERLEY Svetlana V. SOUTYRINA Galina P. SALKINA Olga Y. ZAUMYSLOVA Emma J. STOKES Dale G. MIQUELLE 《Integrative zoology》2016,11(1):2-15
Although considerable conservation resources have been committed to develop and use law enforcement monitoring and management tools such as SMART, measures of success are ill‐defined and, to date, few reports detail results post‐implementation. Here, we present 4 case studies from protected areas with Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) in Russia, in which indicators of success were defined and evaluated at each. The ultimate goal was an increase in tiger numbers to 1 individual/100 km2 at each site. We predicted that improvements in law enforcement effectiveness would be followed by increases in prey numbers and, subsequently, tiger numbers. We used short‐term and long‐term indicators of success, including: (i) patrol team effort and effectiveness; (ii) catch per unit effort indicators (to measure reductions in threats); and (iii) changes in target species numbers. In addition to implementing a monitoring system, we focused on improving law enforcement management using an adaptive management process. Over 4 years, we noted clear increases in patrol effort and a partial reduction in threats. Although we did not detect clear trends in ungulate numbers, tiger populations remained stable or increased, suggesting that poaching of tigers may be more limiting than prey depletion. Increased effectiveness is needed before a clear reduction in threats can be noted, and more time is needed before detecting responses in target populations. Nonetheless, delineation of concrete goals and indicators of success provide a means of evaluating progress and weaknesses. Such monitoring should be a central component of law enforcement strategies for protected areas. 相似文献