西藏地区地面温度的时空分布及其异常类型研究

利用1980-2004年地面温度月平均资料,分析了近25年西藏地区地面温度空间分布的基本气候特征。同时,依据EOF(REOF)经验正交函数展开,讨论了全年及各季节地温异常空间特征和时间演变,并对地温异常类型进行了区域划分。     

Effect of virginiamycin supplementation on the performance of young grazing cattle

Three experiments have been conducted to study the effect of virginiamycin in young grazing-bulls (Experiment 1) and heifers (Experiments 2 and 3). Rotational grazing on permanent grassland was practised and animals were supplemented with 1 kg dried sugarbeet pulp per head daily. Control groups did not receive virginiamycin via the supplement, while it was incorporated at 120, 300 and 200 mg kg⁻¹ for the treatment groups in Experiments 1 to 3 respectively.
Average daily liveweight gain was significantly increased from 0·59 to 0·72 kg in Experiment 1 and from 0·73 to 0·81 kg in Experiment 3, but was not affected in Experiment 2 (0·51 vs 0·55 kg). Virginiamycin also increased liveweight gain per ha by 12, 7 and 13%, respectively, for the three experiments. Grazed area per animal was not enlarged to the same extent as the calculated daily energy allowances, which may suggest an improved digestibility and/or rumen fermentation.     

内蒙古河套灌区主要作物农田氮素平衡及潜在污染状况分析

为从氮素平衡的角度研究河套灌区氮素潜在污染风险,本文以河套灌区主要种植作物玉米和向日葵为研究对象,分析了传统种植模式下玉米和向日葵收获期农田土壤无机氮残留现状,并从氮素平衡角度利用氮素盈余、氮素潜在损失对玉米和向日葵种植的环境污染风险进行了分析。结果表明：河套灌区农田土壤残留无机氮随着施氮量的增加而增加,玉米田和向日葵田0~90 cm土壤无机氮（以N计）平均残留量分别为66.11 kg·hm^-2和45.53 kg·hm^-2。灌区中部的五原县玉米田土壤无机氮残留量最高,可达336.93 kg·hm^-2,向日葵田以东部乌拉特前旗最高,残留量达273.66 kg·hm^-2。玉米田和向日葵田平均氮素年输入总量分别为514.81 kg·hm^-2和314.73 kg·hm^-2,以化肥氮为主,占总氮素输入的85%以上。氮素输出主要是作物吸收带走,玉米和向日葵平均氮素年输出总量为362.10 kg·hm^-2和209.65 kg·hm^-2。过高的氮素输入导致玉米和向日葵年平均氮素盈余分别高达235.71 kg·hm^-2和168.08 kg·hm^-2,并伴随着每年169.60 kg·hm^-2和122.55 kg·hm^-2潜在损失的氮素。通过氮素平衡的综合分析得出,内蒙古河套灌区保持现有产量水平的玉米氮肥推荐用量约为280 kg·hm^-2,向日葵为150 kg·hm^-2,与目前河套灌区玉米和向日葵氮肥投入相比,分别节约198 kg·hm^-2和128 kg·hm^-2,同时该施用量也可以显著降低潜在损失的氮,降低环境压力。     

Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone in the cow

Phenylbutazone was administered orally and intravenously at a dose of 5 mg/kg to healthy cows and to cows positive for bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). Pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavailability were investigated. No differences were seen in the parameters between the healthy and BLV positive animals. The biological half-lives ranged from 31.4 to 82.1 h after intravenous administration and from 38.6 to 78.2 h after oral administration. The mean value of the apparent volume of distribution was 0.09 litres/kg. Total body clearance ranged from 0.78 to 1.94 ml/kg/h. The average systemic availability was 67.5% with a wide variation among the animals (range 41.9–95.5%). Based on the disposition kinetics and on the therapeutic concentration range suggested in man, an oral loading dose ranging from 10 to 20 mg/kg and a daily maintenance dose ranging from 2.5 to 5 mg/kg can be proposed.     

Localization of Oestrogen Receptors in the Epididymis During Sexual Maturation of the Domestic Cat

Oestrogens are involved in regulation of spermatogenesis and sperm maturation and are essential for male fertility. To study the role of oestrogens on epididymal function in the domestic cat, we analyzed the localization patterns of oestrogen receptors (ERs) within the epididymis of juvenile, pubertal and adults using immunohistochemistry. Cat epididymal tissues obtained during routine castrations were fixed in chilled Bouin's solution and processed for immunohistochemistry with ER-specific antibodies. For a certain receptor type, ER localization was influenced by donor age. In the juvenile epididymis, ERα was localized in the nuclei of epithelial cells of efferent ducts and undifferentiated epithelium of the ductus epididymis. During puberty, ERα localization in the undifferentiated epithelium of the epididymis shifted from the nuclei to the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. Oestrogen receptor-α level was highest in the pubertal and adult epididymis, especially within the cytoplasm and in plasma membranes of caput epithelial cells. This finding was suggestive of a role in fluid reabsorption within the efferent ducts and the epididymis. In corpus and cauda regions, ERα was less abundant, suggesting a minor role for oestrogens in sperm storage areas. Interestingly, localization of ERβ was neither influenced by age nor location within the epididymis and was ubiquitous throughout. Results demonstrate that oestrogen actions within the epididymis may be predominantly mediated through ERα during sexual maturation in the domestic cat.     

不同施氮量对天然草场牧草产量影响

采用不同施氮量作用于天然草场，研究了草地施肥与牧草产量的关系，通过测定施肥试验的各项参数，确定了干草原类草场产草量和经济效益最佳的施肥方案，最佳施肥量为450kg/hm^2，同时建立了施肥量与牧草产量间的回归方程。     

我国野生披碱草属牧草居群的穗部形态多样性研究

对采集自我国12个不同分布区的105个野生披碱草属(Elymus)牧草居群的14项穗部形态指标进行研究,结果表明,我国披碱草属牧草种质资源穗部遗传多样性丰富,居群内多样性指数(H′)在0.784～1.652,平均多样性指数为1.396;居群总平均多样性指数为1.936,居群间表型分化系数为27.89%。14项穗部形态性状在居群内多样性、居群总多样性以及变异系数变化不完全一致,居群内H′最高的为旗叶与穗基部长度(1.648),居群总H′最高的为小穗长(2.054),变异系数最大的为第一颖芒长(58.932%),平均变异系数为31.22%,表明穗部形态性状均存在较大的变异,F检验差异极显著。引起居群形态差异的性状与种子产量密切相关,主要包括穗长、穗宽、第一颖芒长、第一外稃长、第一内稃长、第一外稃芒长、每穗轴小花数、第一颖长和第一颖宽。我国野生披碱草属牧草的多样性和分布格局是相关的,我国西北部是野生披碱草属牧草分布中心,也是披碱草属牧草的多样性中心。此外,提出了我国披碱草属牧草保护的策略。