Evaluation of PRE and POST Herbicides on Growth Features,Nodulation, and Nitrogen Fixation of Three Cultivars of Chickpea (Cicer aritinium L.)

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - It is exceptionally difficult to have productive farming without the use of herbicides. It has been found that they create difficulties in the growth and...     

Investigation the Efficiency of Soil Stabilizers against Soil Loss and their Effects on Chemical Properties of Soil

Soil erosion and dust storms are the main causes of air pollution in regions where there are dust emitting centers and in their adjacent locations. In recent years, various methods have been considered for stabilizing soil surface against wind erosion. In this study, the effects of two stabilizers (anionic polyacrylamide polymer and vegetable-based mulch) for reducing soil loss at four levels of concentration (0, 15%, 30%, and 60%) on three kinds of soils in western Khuzestan, Iran have been studied. The study was conducted in natural and laboratory-based conditions in four, time intervals (0, 3, 6, and 12 months). Moreover, the study covered the persistence and influence of stabilizers on soil chemical properties. The results showed that wind erosion in no treatment was between of 16.36?kg/m²/hand 26.73?kg/m²/^?h. The statistical results showed that there was a significant difference between the no treatment and soils treated with stabilizers. The polymer reduced soil loss by more than 90%. Mulch efficiency reduced in natural conditions after 6?months; however, there were no changes in laboratory conditions. There was no significant difference between polymer efficiency in the laboratory and natural conditions and the polymer was resistant in natural and laboratory conditions. Polymer increased EC, pH, and SAR in the soil after 1 year. Mulch decreased pH and SAR but did not change EC.     

Combining the phosphate solubilizing microorganisms with biochar types in order to improve safflower yield and soil enzyme activity

ABSTRACT

Soil amendment with biochar could increase soil microbial activity and biomass. This study contributes to an understanding of the synergistic effects of biochar and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms on safflower yield and soil microbial activity enhancement. In the split plot experiments that repeated in two years, the main factor was biochar types included cow manure, wheat straw, wood biochar and control. The sub factors were phosphate solubilizing microorganisms included the mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus etunicatum and G. mosseae), Bacillus lentus, Pseudomonas fluorescence and control. The highest levels of dehydrogenase, urease activity and microbial biomass carbon were obtained from the cow manure biochar. The maximum activity of acid phosphatase was in the plots inoculated by P. fluorescence in all treatments, whether using or not using biochar. The grain yield of plants inoculated with B. lentus and P. fluorescence was in the same statistical group. The highest grain yield equal to 1527 kg/ha was obtained when using cow manure biochar. According to the results, the application of cow manure biochar and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, especially mycorrhiza species, can be recommended for improving soil biological traits and safflower yield traits.