绵羊中草药饲料添加剂预试初报

为了帮助我国北方旱区或半干旱区绵羊度过草枯严寒的漫长冬、春季，开发研制一种能够提高现有草料利用率的绵羊中草药饲料添加剂。根据中兽医药学的辨证施治理论，采用小鼠日粮添加倍量秸秆粉和不同中草药复方的方法，在120只小鼠上进行了增重率和重料比的中草药复方的筛选研究。结果表明，以益气养血和消食健胃为主的两个中草药复方能够较好地改善小鼠的增重率和重料比。     

Effects of magnesium on the performance of sows and their piglets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplemental magnesium (Mg) on the performance of gilts and parity 3 sows and their piglets. Fifty-six gilts (Trial 1) and 56 sows (Trial 2) were assigned to one of 4 treatments according to their mating weight, respectively. The treatments comprised corn-soybean meal based gestation and lactation diets (0.21% magnesium) supplemented with 0, 0.015, 0.03, or 0.045% Mg from mating until weaning. The results showed that magnesium supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the weaning to estrus interval in both gilts and sows. There were significant effects (P < 0.05) of supplemental magnesium on the total number of piglets born, born alive and weaned in sows. In late gestation and lactation, the digestibility of crude fiber (quadratic effects, P < 0.05), and crude protein (P < 0.05), were significantly influenced by magnesium in gilts and sows, respectively. There were differences among the 4 groups in terms of the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude fiber in sows (P < 0.05) during both early and late gestation. The apparent digestibility of gross energy was increased for sows in late gestation (P < 0.05), and lactation (quadratic effects, P < 0.05). At farrowing and weaning, serum prolactin levels and alkaline phosphate activities linearly increased in sows as the Mg supplementation increased (P < 0.05). Serum Mg of sows at farrowing and serum urea nitrogen of sows at weaning was significantly influenced by Mg supplementation (P < 0.05). The Mg concentration in sow colostrum and the serum of their piglets were increased by supplemental magnesium (P < 0.05). In addition, growth hormone levels were linearly elevated (P < 0.05) in the serum of piglets suckling sows. Our data demonstrated that supplemental magnesium has the potential to improve the reproduction performance of sows, and the suitable supplemental dose ranged from 0.015% to 0.03%.     

Rapid identification and differentiation of Theileria sergenti and Theileria sinensis using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay

The present study developed and validated a species-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the rapid detection and discrimination of two benign bovine Theileria species – T. sergenti and T. sinensis. The LAMP assay is inexpensive and easy to perform and involves a rapid reaction-the amplification can be performed in 55 min or 50 min under isothermal conditions of 61 °C or 63 °C, respectively, by employing a set of four species-specific primer mixtures. The results can be checked using agarose gels. The optimal assay conditions, under which the assay exhibited with no cross-reaction with other closely related tick-borne parasites (T. annulata, Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. major, B. ovata, B. U. sp., Anaplasma marginale) or between the two Theileria species of interest, was established. The assay is approximately 10-fold more sensitive than the conventional specific PCR assay. The LAMP assay was validated using DNA from 6 standard stocks in the laboratory and was evaluated for its diagnostic utility using blood samples collected from experimentally and naturally infection cattle or yaks in China. These findings indicate that this Theileria species-specific LAMP assay may have potential clinical applications for the detection and differentiation of two benign bovine Theileria species – T. sergenti and T. sinensis, especially in endemic countries.     

菜粉蝶绒茧蜂种群空间分布型及其应用

本文应用频次分布x~2检验法,Iwao法,Taylor幂法则以及其它聚集指标等方法,分析研究了菜粉蝶绒茧蜂种群(茧块)的空间分布型。结果表明:菜粉蝶绒茧蜂茧块在甘蓝上呈聚集分布,分布的基本成分是以个体群形式存在,个体群之间是随机的,茧块的聚集是由寄主等环境因素引起的。此外,利用分布型参数确定了理论抽样数及序贯抽样。     

稻秆潜蝇综合防治技术研究

稻秆潜蝇是浙南山区水稻生产的重要害虫.通过推广薄膜育秧、绿肥田除草、选用抗性品种、实行健身栽培、生态控制等一系列综合防治技术,可达到经济有效的防治效果.在水稻整个生长期可减少用药1～2次,稻秆潜蝇穗被害率减轻41.03%,病虫害损失控制在3.6%以内,稻谷增产9.2%,稻田害虫天敌蜘蛛和黑肩绿盲蝽分别增加38.1%和26.3%,获得了明显的生态、经济效益.     

奶牛流行热的诊断及中西医结合疗法

奶牛流行热是奶牛的一种急性热性传染病,奶牛感染此病后,发病率高,给养殖户带来的损失严重。对一例奶牛流行热的诊疗新技术的研究供广大临床工作者及研究人员参考。     

直插式免耕穴播机的设计

针对舵轮式覆膜穴播机存在的问题,设计了垂直插入式免耕穴播机。运用四杆机构原理,设计了成穴器—鸭嘴直立接种、垂直入土和出土;采用地轮传动凸轮-连杆机构实现了鸭嘴插入土壤后的接近水平零位移运动;鸭嘴采用了定点强制开启投种。分析表明:该机成穴播种机构设计合理,穴粒数合格率较高,无空穴,成穴器不堵土,不挑膜,穴孔合理,易于覆土。     

高速离心泵诱导轮与离心轮的匹配

某型号液体火箭发动机推进剂泵压力脉动量级较大,诱导轮与离心轮匹配性不好,是导致泵内压力脉动较大,泵性能降低的重要原因.为了研究诱导轮与离心轮的匹配关系对泵性能及泵内压力脉动特性的影响,通过数值仿真计算方法,从诱导轮与离心轮的匹配性出发,分析了不同诱导轮方案,以及诱导轮与离心轮相对位置变化对泵内流场特性及性能的影响.结果表明:对于大流量高速离心泵,诱导轮出口保持一定长度的等螺距段,有利于改善离心轮入口流动情况,提高泵的性能;诱导轮叶片转折角过大,会导致离心轮进口回流,降低泵的性能;与诱导轮结构方案相比,诱导轮与离心轮的相对位置对泵性能的影响较小;诱导轮与离心轮轴向距离过小会造成离心轮内流动不均匀,泵性能下降;综合考虑汽蚀性能、压力脉动水平和效率,泵方案设计选用进口变螺距、出口等螺距的诱导轮方案.     

多工况高抗汽蚀性能的诱导轮设计

针对某流量调节范围（最大流量/最小流量）为30的低比转数高速离心泵,基于能量匹配法,设计了等螺距和变螺距2种结构形式的诱导轮.采用SST湍流模型和Rayleigh-Plesset空泡动力学模型,对离心泵多工况下的全流场进行汽蚀数值模拟,分析了离心泵多工况下的汽蚀断裂特性和气泡分布等流场特征,揭示了不同工况下带诱导轮离心泵的汽蚀断裂机理.在高速试验台上进行了离心泵外特性水力试验,试验结果与计算结果吻合较好.研究结果表明：能量匹配法是指导高抗汽蚀诱导轮设计的基本方法;随着进口压力的降低,带诱导轮离心泵在各工况下的汽蚀断裂特性不尽相同,大流量工况下的扬程断裂曲线呈大斜率形状快速下降,中流量工况下扬程断裂曲线呈直角形,小流量下扬程断裂曲线呈小斜率形状缓慢下降;相对于等螺距诱导轮,变螺距诱导轮具有更小的冲角和更高的扬程,使高速离心泵具有更宽的稳定工作区间.     

新型带式精量排种器的设计研究

针对当前排种器存在精量控制不准、排种损伤大及对高速作业适应性差的问题,开发了新型带式精量排种器(专利号为ZL20101020638.7)。通过对其工作过程的分析,结合试验所用玉米种子的物料学特性,确定了各主要结构参数和工作参数;最后,通过试验对其作业效果进行了检验。结果表明,该排种器具有播种精度高、空穴率低和作业无破损的特点,且重播率符合国家相关标准。该型排种器的开发对实现精量、无破损的高速播种具有重要的意义。