The application of the indirect fluorescent antibody test in research on heartwater

The preparation of the antigen, details of the reagents, the titration of the antispecies conjugates and the execution of the indirect fluorescent antibody test are described. The sensitivity and specificity of the test and its applicability to the detection of antibodies to Cowdria ruminantium are recorded. The test is both highly specific and sensitive and can be applied to a wide range of studies on heartwater, including epidemiology, determination of the C. ruminantium infection rate of Amblyomma ticks and the evaluation of immunization against heartwater. The test can also be used to detect antibodies to the heartwater agent in the sera of game.     

‘玉露香梨’果实发育中细胞壁组分和水解酶活性的变化

为揭示‘玉露香梨’果实发育期质地变化机理。探寻‘玉露香梨’果实细胞壁在果实生长过程中各组分的变化趋势,为梨果实品质调控提供科学依据。通过检测果实发育期细胞壁含量、细胞壁组成物质含量、果胶酶、纤维素酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性。‘玉露香梨’成熟时细胞壁含量仅为原含量的1/9;细胞壁水溶性果胶和离子型果胶含量呈现上升趋势,而共价结合型果胶含量呈现先上升后下降的趋势;纤维素和半纤维素含量呈先上升后下降的趋势; ‘玉露香梨’生长发育期内果胶酶活性呈现上升趋势,成熟期活性上升了3.8倍多,纤维素酶活性在‘玉露香梨’发育期,呈现上升趋势。随着‘玉露香梨’果实的生长发育,细胞壁含量及组分在细胞壁水解酶的作用下,随之发生了变化。     

中甸牦牛犊牛培育的关键技术措施

中甸牦牛是云南省迪庆藏族自治州高海拔地区农牧民的主要当家畜种,但是,在传统的养殖方式下,中甸牦牛犊牛培育中还存在着犊牛无保暖设施、吃奶不足、补饲程度低、体质较差、疫病防治不到位等问题,因此,针对中甸牦牛犊牛管理中存在的问题,提出了加强保暖设施建设、妊娠母牦牛管理以及初生犊牛的抚育、补饲、疫病防治等一系列关键技术措施。     

川南常羽乌骨鸡肤色的遗传研究

通过对川南常羽乌骨鸡三种羽色系的纯繁、杂交以及与三个浅肤品种的杂交，初步揭示了川南常羽乌骨鸡肤色的遗传现象。结果表明，所用乌骨鸡的肤色主要受遗传控制，存在杂合类型，黑羽系和麻羽系的肤色遗传较为稳定。乌肤性状终生不变，且与趾色、肉骨及肉膜色高度相关。乌肤公鸡与不同浅肤母鸡的杂交后代可表现出较高的不同的乌肤比例，表明适当引入浅肤血缘尚可保持乌骨鸡的乌色性状。     

Studies of a naturally occurring molybdenum-induced copper deficiency in the yak

The clinical signs of a disorder known locally as "shakeback disease" in yaks in the North of the Qing Hai-Tibetan Plateau of China were defined: they included emaciation, unsteady gait, a 'shivering' back and deprived appetites. Coat colour was not affected. The mineral composition of soil and forages, and samples of blood and hair from yaks in affected ranches in this region were compared with those of 20 samples from unaffected areas. The mean concentration of molybdenum (Mo) in soil and forage was 4.85+/-0.21 and 4.96+/-0.25 microg/g (dry matter), respectively; the mean copper (Cu) to Mo ratio in the forage was only 1.34+/-0.36 compared to 8.12+/-1.31 for unaffected areas. The mean concentrations of Cu in blood and hair from the affected yaks were 0.29+/-0.17 and 3.51+/-1.12 microg/g, respectively, compared with 0.85+/-0.24 and 6.42+/-1.21 microg/g, for controls. The highest value for Cu in the blood of affected yaks was 0.58 mug/g and the lowest 0.03 microg/g (the corresponding highest values for unaffected yaks were 1.03 mug/g, the lowest 0.56 microg/g). There was a hypochromic microcytic anaemia and a low level of ceruloplasmin in the blood. The Cu deficiency in yaks was most severe during pregnancy and lactation, but oral administration of copper sulphate prevented and cured the disease. We conclude that "shakeback disease" of yaks in this region is probably caused by a secondary Cu deficiency, mainly due to the high Mo content in soils and forage.     

制备奶牛子宫内膜炎中药栓剂的优选方案研究

以中药制剂栓的色泽、不溶物、融变时限为标准,运用正交试验的方法优选治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎中药栓的制备方案.结果优选出的方案为聚乙二醇(PEG)1500 5g、PEG6000 25g,中药混合提取物6g,此方案稳定可行,并且由此制得的中药栓各项指标均符合药典规定.     

非洲鸵鸟的雌雄鉴别研究

对鸵鸟进行早期的性别鉴定，可以确保期望的鸵鸟雌雄性别比例，雏鸟雌雄分群饲养，加快鸵鸟驯养进程，提高育雏成活率都有着重要意义。本研究采用翻肛法，对人工饲养的1～3月龄育雏期非洲鸵鸟进行试验与研究。结果表明，在1月龄时就可根据有无生殖交媾器及其形态、大小的差别进行雌雄鉴别，打破了通常认为鸵鸟在4月龄时才可以进行性别鉴定的传统做法，为非洲鸵鸟的饲养管理提供了有利的依据。     

Immunoadjuvant effects of bacterial genomic DNA and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides on avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 inactivated oil emulsion vaccine in chicken

This study investigated the immunoadjuvant effects of three types of bacterial genomic DNA and CpG oligonucleotides (CpG ODN) on the avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H5N1 inactivated oil emulsion vaccine under two immunization strategies. The genomic DNA extracted from Escherichia coli O₂, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis FQ68, and synthetic CpG ODN were used as adjuvants, and their effects on the AIV oil emulsion vaccine were examined in chickens. The results indicated that when administered separately from the vaccine, adjuvants induced lower haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres and serum IgG titres but resulted in higher concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-10. In contrast, when combined with the oil emulsion vaccine prior to inoculation, CpG ODN induced higher HI, IgG titres and IFN-γ concentration but resulted in lower IL-10 concentration. These data suggest that, depending on the immunization approaches, adjuvants may exert distinct immune effects in chickens receiving AIV H5N1 oil emulsion vaccine: the prior incorporation of CpG ODN into the vaccine may augment both the humoral and Th1 type immune responses, while separate inoculation of adjuvants has not shown better adjuvanticity.     

婴儿奶粉中乳铁蛋白的检测方法的研究

应用酶联免疫法测定婴儿配方奶粉中乳铁蛋白的含量。检测的线性范围为7．8—500ng／mL。     

Incidence,risk factors,and outcomes for early postoperative seizures in dogs with rostrotentorial brain tumors after intracranial surgery

BackgroundSeizures in the early postoperative period after intracranial surgery may affect outcome in dogs.ObjectivesTo determine the incidence of early postoperative seizures (EPS) in dogs with brain tumors, identify specific risk factors for EPS, and determine if EPS affects outcome.AnimalsEighty‐eight dogs that underwent 125 intracranial surgeries for diagnosis and treatment of rostrotentorial brain tumors.MethodsRetrospective cohort study. All patients with a diagnosis of rostrotentorial brain tumor from 2006 to 2020 were included. Early postoperative seizures were diagnosed by observation of seizure activity within 14 days of neurosurgery. Previously diagnosed structural epilepsy, perioperative anticonvulsant drug (ACD) use, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and tumor characteristics were evaluated. Outcome measures included neurologic and nonneurologic complications, duration of hospitalization, and survival to discharge.ResultsDogs with rostrotentorial brain tumors had EPS after 16/125 (12.8%) neurosurgical procedures (95% confidence interval [CI], 7%‐19%). Presence of previous structural epilepsy was not associated with EPS risk (P = 1). Perioperative ACD use also was not associated with EPS (P = .06). Dogs with EPS had longer hospitalization (P < .001), were more likely to have neurologic complications postsurgery (P = .01), and were less likely to survive to discharge (P = .01).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIt is difficult to predict which dogs are at risk of EPS because the presence of previous structural epilepsy and the use of perioperative ACDs was not associated with EPS. However, seizures in the early postoperative period are clinically important because affected dogs had prolonged hospitalization, more neurologic complications, and decreased short‐term survival.