FCI国际锦标赛规则(2005版)

(为了更好地阅读,本文引用以下5个FCI规则中常见名词,其意义均指该项冠军。CACIB:犬国际选美冠军赛;CACIT:国际工作犬冠军赛;RCACIB:后备CACIB;RCACIT:后备CACIT;CACT:国家工作犬冠军赛。)一、FCI全犬种国际选美冠军赛1.非工作犬选拔赛为了获得参加国际选美冠军赛的资格,犬必须     

从动物源性食品安全存在的问题谈可追溯制度的建立与完善

食品安全,尤其是作为食品的重要组成部分的动物源性食品安全,直接关系着广大人民群众的身体健康和生命安全,关系着国民经济与社会     

H5N1亚型禽流感病毒NS1基因的原核表达及其ELISA检测方法的建立

采用RT-PCR技术扩增了禽流感病毒（AIV）A／Goose／HLJ／p46／2003（H5N1）的NSl基因，将其克隆于融合蛋白表达载体pMAL-c2X上，转化DH5α大肠埃希氏菌感受态细胞，经BamHⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切鉴定及序列分析，表明筛选到了重组质粒pc2X-NS1。SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示，重组质粒转化TB1大肠埃希氏菌后，经0．3mmol／L的IPTG诱导，融合蛋白MBP-NS1得到大量表达，融合蛋白以可溶形式存在，分子质量约为67ku。Western-blotting检测结果表明，融合蛋白MBP-NS1能够与H5N1亚型AIV活病毒感染康复鸭血清发生特异性反应，而不能够与H5N1亚型AIV灭活疫苗免疫鸭血清发生反应。试验初步建立了以纯化的融合蛋白MBP-NS1为包被抗原的间接ELISA检测方法，为AIV灭活疫苗免疫家禽与AIV感染家禽的鉴别诊断奠定了基础。     

草业科学专业本科生“科研助理”培养模式探索——以甘肃农业大学为例

人才培养是高校的根本使命,新时期不断创新办学理念,探索新型培养模式,对全面实施素质教育,提高教育质量至关重要。根据甘肃农业大学本科生"科研助理"培养模式,结合草业科学专业的特点,分析了"科研助理"培养模式及其宗旨,介绍了几种"科研助理"培养模式的常用方法,阐述了各种方法的优缺点和应用情况,还就其运行机制和实施情况等进行了说明,最后探讨了存在的一些问题及其保障措施。旨在加强本科生"科研助理"培养模式的培养效果,为高校草业科学专业与其他专业人才培养提供参考。     

鸡传染性鼻气管炎

鸡的传染性鼻气管炎（ＡｖｉａｎＲｈｉｎｏｔｒａｃｈｅｉｔｉｓ,ＡＲＴ）是由火鸡传染性鼻气管炎病毒（ＴｕｒｋｅｙＲｈｉｎｏｔｒａｃｈｅｉｔｉｓＶｉｒｕｓ,ＴＲＴＶ）引起的肉鸡、肉种鸡、产蛋鸡的一种传染病。以打喷嚏,头部肿胀,眼鼻有分泌物等上呼吸道症状为特征。易感染大肠杆菌、新城疫、流感等,给养鸡业造成很大损失。早在７０年代初,南非就发现此病,最初被人们认为是腺病毒、尤凯巴病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒、新城疫病毒、衣原体等引起的,后来被认为是火鸡鼻气管炎病毒。荷兰、美国、法国、阿根廷等国也相继爆发了此病,我国…     

The 16MΔvjbR as an ideal live attenuated vaccine candidate for differentiation between Brucella vaccination and infection

Brucellosis brings great economic burdens for developing countries. Live attenuated vaccines are the most efficient means for prevention and control of animal Brucellosis. However, the difficulties of differentiating of infection from vaccine immunization, which is essential for eradication programs, limit their applications. Therefore, the development of a vaccine that could differentiate infection from immunization will overcome the limitations and get extensive application. VjbR is a quorum sensing regulator involving in Brucella's intracellular survival. The vjbR∷Tn5 mutants have been proven effective against wild type strain challenge, implying its possibility of use in vaccine candidate development. To further evaluate this candidate gene, in the present study, the antigenicity of purified recombinant VjbR protein was analyzed. Antibodies to Brucella melitensis VjbR could be detected in sera from patients and animals with brucellosis but not in control ones, implying the potential use of this protein as a diagnostic antigen. Then a vjbR mutant of B. melitensis 16M was constructed by replacing the vjbR with kanamycin gene. The mutant showed reduced survival in macrophage and mice. Vaccination of BALB/c mice with 16MΔvjbR conferred significant protective immunity against B. melitensis strain 16M challenges, being equivalent to which induced by the license vaccine Rev.1. The vjbR deletion mutant elicited an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G response and induced the secretion of gamma interferon and interleukin-10. The most importance is that, the use of vjbR mutants as vaccines in association with diagnostic tests based on the VjbR antigen would allow the serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. These results suggest that 16MΔvjbR is an ideal live attenuated vaccine candidate against B. melitensis and deserves further evaluation for vaccine development.     

Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) integrins αvβ3 and αvβ6 as FMDV receptors: Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and comparison with other species

Integrins are heterodimeric adhesion receptors that participate in a variety of cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix protein interactions. Many integrins recognize RGD sequences displayed on extracellular matrix proteins and the exposed loops of viral capsid proteins. Four members of the αv integrin family of cellular receptors, αvβ3, αvβ6, αvβ1 and αvβ8, have been identified as receptors for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in vitro, and integrins are believed to be the receptors used to target epithelial cells in the infected animals. To analyse the roles of the αv integrins from a susceptible species as viral receptors, we have cloned Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 integrin cDNAs and compared them to those of other species. The coding sequences for Bactrian camel integrin αv, β3 and β6 were found to be 3165, 2289 and 2367 nucleotides in length, encoding 1054, 762 and 788 amino acids, respectively. The Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 subunits share many structural features with homologues of other species, including the ligand binding domain and cysteine-rich region. Phylogenetic trees and similarity analyses showed the close relationships of integrin genes from Bactrian camels, pigs and cattle, which are each susceptible to FMDV infection, that were distinct from the orders Rodentia, Primates, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Galliformes and Xenopus. We postulate that host tropism of FMDV may in part be related to the divergence in integrin subunits among different species.     

几种禾草的开花习性

研究１１份禾草种质料的开花习性表明：稗草，长叶雀稗及草芦的小花开放顺序，通常由顶部向基部开放，而庐山草芦及鸭茅则表现为由中上部位向上，下两端开放。单个花序开花持续时间在７－３２天。除草芦外，其余各属饲草的不同草种间小花开部特点相似。３种稗草有部分不花闭颖返粉结实。庐山草芦一日开花高峰在下午１４－１５时，其余均在上午，多数在８－１０时。     

Influence of prolonged arable cropping on lignin compounds in sandy soils of the South African Highveld

The preservation of plant residues is important for sustainable arable cropping. Lignin is a marker for plant residues in soils. We have investigated influences of the length of cultivation on the dynamics of lignin. Composite samples were taken from the top 20 cm of soils that have been cropped for periods varying from 0 to 98 years in each of three different agro‐ecosystems in the Free State Province of South Africa. Lignin‐derived phenols were determined in the <2 µm (clay), 2–20 µm (silt), 20–250 µm (fine sand) and 250– 2000 µm (coarse sand) size separates. With increasing length of cultivation, the concentration of such phenols decreased to 36% of that in the grassland. The lignin contents as proportions of the total carbon did not change during cultivation, suggesting that there was no selective enrichment of lignin moieties as C was lost as a result of cultivation. The loss rate constants of lignin concentrations in particle‐size fractions increased in the order clay (0.17 year^?1) ≤ silt (0.18 year^?1) < fine sand (0.20 year^?1) < coarse sand (0.22 year^?1). Increasing ratios of phenolic acids to aldehydes in bulk soil, silt and fine sand fractions with increasing length of cultivation indicated that side chains were being oxidized. The ratios in the silt fraction, however, decreased after 10–20 years. We attribute this to a loss of lignin together with silt by wind erosion, resulting in a rejuvenation of lignin compounds in the remaining silt‐sized pools of C.     

Effects of the dietary protein to energy ratio on growth,feed utilization and body composition in Macrobrachium nipponense

Oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) has been widely cultured in Asian countries. However, its nutritional studies are very limited. In the present 8‐week study, we investigated the effects of dietary protein to energy ratio (P/E ratio) on the growth, feed utilization and body composition in juvenile M. nipponense (initial weight 0.302 ±0.03 g). Two‐factor experiment was designed and nine semi‐purified diets were formulated to contain three lipid levels (20, 80 and 140 g kg^?1) and three protein levels (330, 380 and 430 g kg^?1), producing P/E ratios from 16.5 to 23.4 mg KJ^?1 protein. The results indicated that the growth, survival rate and protein efficiency were dose dependently improved by the increased dietary lipid, but not dietary protein content. Increased dietary lipid content and/or protein content increased lipid accumulation in whole body, hepatopancreas and muscle, but did not change the feed intake and hepatopancreas weight. In conclusion, our present study indicated that M. nipponense is a species with relatively high‐energy requirement. It could utilize dietary lipid content up to 140 g kg^?1, while the dietary protein with more than 330 g kg^?1 would not promote growth and protein efficiency. Taken together, 330 g kg^?1 dietary protein and 140 g kg^?1 dietary lipid level with P/E ratio 16.49 could be optimum for M. nipponense.