Role of mobile DNA in the evolution of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis

The complete genome sequence of Enterococcus faecalis V583, a vancomycin-resistant clinical isolate, revealed that more than a quarter of the genome consists of probable mobile or foreign DNA. One of the predicted mobile elements is a previously unknown vanB vancomycin-resistance conjugative transposon. Three plasmids were identified, including two pheromone-sensing conjugative plasmids, one encoding a previously undescribed pheromone inhibitor. The apparent propensity for the incorporation of mobile elements probably contributed to the rapid acquisition and dissemination of drug resistance in the enterococci.     

乌兰沙漠现状及治理途径探讨

通过分析乌兰县的沙漠化现状和危害情况,提出本区治理沙漠化的途径与建议。     

The dust halo of Saturn's largest icy moon, Rhea

Saturn's moon Rhea had been considered massive enough to retain a thin, externally generated atmosphere capable of locally affecting Saturn's magnetosphere. The Cassini spacecraft's in situ observations reveal that energetic electrons are depleted in the moon's vicinity. The absence of a substantial exosphere implies that Rhea's magnetospheric interaction region, rather than being exclusively induced by sputtered gas and its products, likely contains solid material that can absorb magnetospheric particles. Combined observations from several instruments suggest that this material is in the form of grains and boulders up to several decimetres in size and orbits Rhea as an equatorial debris disk. Within this disk may reside denser, discrete rings or arcs of material.     

鸭绿沙塘鳢仔鱼、稚鱼和幼鱼的形态观察

参照国内外对硬骨鱼类胚后发育期的分期标准,描述了鸭绿沙塘鳢仔鱼、稚鱼和幼鱼的形态特征,记录了各个发育时期的全长和体重等增长情况,讨论了鸭绿沙塘鳢仔鱼、稚鱼和幼鱼发育的生态适应性。     

苜蓿与禾本科牧草混作对牧草器官间物质分配和产量的影响

【目的】研究盐渍化草场的苜蓿和禾本科牧草混作对牧草各器官间物质分配,全碳、全氮含量及产量的影响,筛选出适合盐渍化土壤的苜蓿种植方式。【方法】以苜蓿品种中草3号、草原3号和禾本科牧草老芒麦、无芒雀麦为试验材料,设4种牧草单作及2种苜蓿分别与老芒麦和无芒雀麦混作处理,测定不同处理、不同生育期牧草的株高、鲜质量、干质量、全氮含量、全碳含量及产量等指标。【结果】苜蓿与老芒麦、无芒雀麦混作有利于提高其株高。苜蓿生长初期以茎部器官鲜、干质量积累为主,中期以茎部和叶部积累为主,开花期后逐渐向花积累。老芒麦和无芒雀麦各器官中的全碳总含量小于中草3号和草原3号,全氮含量低于二者;混作处理提高了老芒麦和无芒雀麦的全氮含量。中草3号与老芒麦混作处理显著提高了牧草产量(P0.05),2次刈割时干草产量分别较中草3号单作处理提高了15.63%和21.95%,较老芒麦单作处理提高了1.23%和8.48%,且中草3号单作处理的牧草产量高于草原3号。叶、茎、花干质量和花全碳含量均与干草产量呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。【结论】中草3号与老芒麦混作处理适合在盐渍化偏重地区推广种植。     

Strong regularities in world wide web surfing

One of the most common modes of accessing information in the World Wide Web is surfing from one document to another along hyperlinks. Several large empirical studies have revealed common patterns of surfing behavior. A model that assumes that users make a sequence of decisions to proceed to another page, continuing as long as the value of the current page exceeds some threshold, yields the probability distribution for the number of pages that a user visits within a given Web site. This model was verified by comparing its predictions with detailed measurements of surfing patterns. The model also explains the observed Zipf-like distributions in page hits observed at Web sites.     

保水剂施用方式对土壤含水量和微生物生物量及马铃薯产量的影响

采用穴施、沟施聚丙烯酰胺型(PAM)保水剂和聚丙烯酸钾型(PAA-K)保水剂,对马铃薯根际不同生育时期、不同土层土壤体积含水量、土壤微生物生物量碳、氮质量分数和马铃薯产量进行研究。结果表明:穴施保水剂较大程度提高横向和纵向土壤体积含水量,沟施处理次之,且施用PAM的效果好于PAA-K。土壤微生物生物量碳、氮质量分数随土层深度的递增逐渐降低,穴施PAM和PAA-K明显提高土壤微生物生物量碳、氮质量分数,整体表现为穴施PAM穴施PAA-K沟施PAM沟施PAA-KCK(不施保水剂)。穴施、沟施保水剂处理明显地降低马铃薯小薯率,提高马铃薯产量和商品薯率,并且施用PAM的效果好于PAA-K,穴施的效果好于沟施。穴施PAM、PAA-K处理分别较CK产量提高12.07%和10.44%,沟施PAM、PAA-K处理的产量分别较CK提高7.38%和5.22%。马铃薯成熟期,土壤微生物生物量碳与土壤微生物生物量氮质量分数、产量及商品薯率呈极显著正相关;土壤体积含水量与土壤微生物生物量氮、土壤微生物生物量碳质量分数及产量呈显著正相关。穴施保水剂处理有效地提高土壤体积含水量及土壤微生物生物量碳、氮质量分数,显著提高马铃薯产量和商品薯率,效果优于沟施处理和CK,且穴施PAM效果最好。     

Cassini magnetometer observations during Saturn orbit insertion

Cassini's successful orbit insertion has provided the first examination of Saturn's magnetosphere in 23 years, revealing a dynamic plasma and magnetic environment on short and long time scales. There has been no noticeable change in the internal magnetic field, either in its strength or its near-alignment with the rotation axis. However, the external magnetic field is different compared with past spacecraft observations. The current sheet within the magnetosphere is thinner and more extended, and we observed small diamagnetic cavities and ion cyclotron waves of types that were not reported before.     

松江鲈鱼ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立及优化研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to establish and optimize the ISSR-PCR system in roughskin sculpin(Trachidermus fasciatus Heckel).[Method] By using the primer of ISSR-63,the concentrations of Taq DNA polymerase,Mg2+,dNTPs and primer were optimized by orthogonal design for establishing the suitable ISSR-PCR system in roughskin sculpin;moreover,the suitable anneal temperature was yielded from gradient PCR on temperature.[Result]The optimized ISSR-PCR system(20 μl reaction volume)in roughskin sculpin was proved to be:2.5 mmol/L Mg2+,250 μmol/L dNTPs,0.25 μmol/L primer,1 U Taq DNA polymerase,30 ng DNA template and 1×PCR buffer;and suitable anneal temperature was determined to be 50.8 ℃.The established system was further confirmed by using 24 wild roughskin sculpin samples.[Conclusion]The results lay a foundation for the analysis of genetic diversity and germplasm resources of roughskin sculpin.     

SPLENIC SEQUESTRATION SCINTIGRAPHY IN THE DOG: A COMPARISON OF DENATURING TECHNIQUES

Five mixed-breed dogs underwent splenic sequestration scintigraphy following intravenous injection of 647.5 to 740 MBq (17.5–20 mCi) of ^99mTechnetium labeled autologous red blood cells (RBCs) that had been chemically denatured using two μg of stannous chloride. Left lateral dynamic images were obtained for 20 minutes after injection. Regions of interest (ROI) were drawn around the splenic body and ventral extremity, ventral liver and caudal abdominal great vessels and time activity curves created. Count density information was obtained and uptake ratios were calculated for the spleen ROI/vessel ROI, liver ROI/vessel ROI and spleen ROI/liver ROI at 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after injection. Two additional studies using different RBC denaturing procedures were done in four of the five dogs. In the second study, the stannous chloride level was doubled to 4.0 μg, while in the third study, the RBCs were denatured by addition of 2.0 μg of stannous chloride and heating at 49°C for 15 minutes. Progressive splenic uptake of denatured RBCs was seen in all dogs during the first 15 to 20 minutes of each study, no matter which denaturing technique was utilized. Significant increases in the spleen ROI:/vessel ROI and spleen ROI:liver ROI ratios were obtained at 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes when compared to the 1 minute values for each of the labeling techniques. A significant difference was not identified between the three ratios at 15 minutes between the three labeling techniques. There was a trend of increasing values for each ratio where 2.0 μg of stannous chloride technique being the lowest, 4.0 μg of stannous chloride having an intermediate value and the heated technique had the highest values. The heating technique resulted in higher liver activity and increased variability of the mean liver ROI/vessel ROI ratios at all times (1, 2.5, 5,10, and 15 minutes). Using a non-linear least squares regression analysis, a double exponential equation fit the spleen ROI/vessel ROI and spleen ROI/liver ROI ratios for all three labeling techniques. Imaging of the spleen using all three techniques was acceptable, and a persistent blood pool image would allow for vascular imaging and cardiac gated studies 30 minutes after injection of the denatured, labeled autologous red blood cells. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, Vol. 36, No. I, 1995, pp 57–63.