自制保鲜剂对灵武长枣低温贮藏保鲜效果的研究

以可溶性固形物含量24.3%的灵武长枣为试材,研究了冷藏过程中果实品质变化及贮藏保鲜效果。结果表明,保鲜剂浸果极显著降低了霉烂果率,显著减缓了贮藏中后期果肉硬度下降和维生素C氧化分解,明显抑制了果肉蔗糖水解,显著提高了贮藏中后期脆好果率。但保鲜剂浸果对可溶性固形物、还原糖、总糖和果胶含量没有明显影响。脆好果率与果肉硬度、抗坏血酸含量和蔗糖含量均呈极显著正相关性,拟合曲线为二次多项式,相关系数分别为0.9266、0.9937和0.9971。果肉抗坏血酸含量和果肉硬度均与蔗糖含量呈极显著正相关性,相关系数分别为0.9894和0.9343。     

钳夹式棉花膜上精量穴播器的实验研究

将钳子夹持事物的思想运用到传统的滚筒穴播器取种装置的设计中,并将其运用到穴播器取种、清种和排种等播种过程,研制出新型棉花精量膜上穴播装置.为此,首先介绍了钳夹式棉花膜上精量穴播器关键部件的结构及工作过程,然后依靠实验的方法确定了钳夹式精量穴播器的影响因素,确定了该穴播器的各因素工作水平的最佳组合,实验结果对该穴播器的大田运用及推广具有一定的指导意义.     

玉米育种体系与管理问题分析探讨

从体系与管理的角度对玉米育种中常见的问题进行探讨,是多年来与国内育种及管理者思想碰撞与管理实践的总结,深入到玉米育种的程序、人员管理和团队建设,涉及种质管理、育种规模及基地建设,谈及育种人的苦衷与从业现状,涉及对国家种业管理的政策期待,期望通过讨论,共同应对我国玉米种业面临的各种严峻挑战。     

土壤施用有机物料后重组有机质变化规律的探讨——Ⅱ.对重组有机质中腐殖质组成和胡敏酸光学性质的影响

本文进一步探讨土壤施用有机物料后重组有机质的变化规律。测定了重组有机质中各种结合形态腐殖质组成和胡敏酸的光学性质。试验结果表明:土壤施用有机物料后,各种结合形态腐殖质的PQ¹⁾在第一年基本上下降,第二年又回升。腐殖化度降低的幅度和持续时间,与有机物料种类和用量及其分解的环境条件有关。施用有机物料还能使松、稳结合态胡敏酸的△logk和E₄/E₆提高,RF降低,光密度曲线陡度加大。     

Crude garlic extract significantly inhibits replication of grapevine viruses

Efforts to control viral diseases of grapevine include the production of certified material and development of virus-resistant transgenic grapevines. However, effective antiviral agents, once the viruses have infected the plants, are still lacking. This study shows that a crude garlic extract has significant antiviral activity against grapevine viruses. Replication of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2) was obviously inhibited in grapevine cv. Cabernet Sauvignon calli treated with diluted (1:100) garlic extract. The relative RNA levels of GLRaV-2 and grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) in cv. Summer Black grapevine in in vitro-grown plantlets 10 days after treatment with diluted (1:100) garlic extract were about 22% and 20%, respectively, of that in controls. The viral RNA accumulation of GLRaV-2, GFkV, grapevine virus A (GVA), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) in field-grown grapevine cv. Centennial Seedless plants sprayed with diluted (1:100) garlic extract were about 31–40%, 26–38%, 18–31%, 17–42% and 15–18%, respectively, of that in controls. Moreover, the garlic extract treatment led to a significant decrease in viral RNA accumulation of GLRaV-3, GLRaV-2, GVA, GFkV, GFLV, GRSPaV and grapevine Pinot Gris virus in pot-grown grapevine cv. Shine Muscat plants, and viral disease symptoms in these plants were obviously attenuated. In addition, this extract significantly induced expression of pathogenesis-related protein genes and stimulated activity of antioxidant enzymes in grapevines. Taken together, these results indicate that the crude garlic extract acts as a significant inhibitor against a broad range of grapevine viruses.     

香蕉新品种红研一号在广西南宁地区引种试验

[目的]观察香蕉新品种红研一号在南宁的种植表现,为丰富广西香蕉种植品种提供参考.[方法]从云南引进香蕉新品种红研一号在南宁种植,观测植株的生育特性及果实主要农艺性状,测定果实的产量和品质,分析红研一号在南宁种植的可行性.[结果]红研一号营养生长期植株生长迅速,抽蕾时假茎高212.8 cm,假茎基部围度51.0 cm,功能叶数15.0片,叶长176.2 cm,叶宽79.3 cm,收获时单株产量21.57 kg,折合49930.56 kg/ha,梳果指数17.8个,果指长度18.1 cm,粗度15.2 cm,果实可溶性糖含量22.69％,可滴定酸含量0.36％.其可溶性糖含量比桂蕉六号高2.18个百分点,口感清甜,其他主要农艺性状、果实性状与对照品种桂蕉六号差异不明显.[结论]红研一号香蕉适于南宁试验区域栽培.     

地方农业科研院所创新科研管理的思路探讨

在国家推进事业单位改革的背景下,文章通过深入分析地方农业科研院所科研管理工作中存在的主要问题,提出了科研管理人员要理清管理思路、建立人才培养机制、强化项目过程管理、加强科研档案管理、转变科技服务理念等创新科研管理的思路,以期为推进现代农业科研院所的建设提供参考。     

Ontogenetic development of digestive enzymes and effect of starvation in miiuy croaker <Emphasis Type="Italic">Miichthys miiuy</Emphasis> larvae

The ontogenetic development of the digestive enzymes amylase, lipase, trypsin, and alkaline phosphatase and the effect of starvation in miiuy croaker Miichthys miiuy larvae were studied. The activities of these enzymes were detected prior to exogenous feeding, but their developmental patterns differed remarkably. Trypsin activity continuously increased from 2 days after hatching (dah), peaked on 20 dah, and decreased to 25 dah at weaning. Alkaline phosphatase activity oscillated at low levels within a small range after the first feeding on 3 dah. In contrast, amylase and lipase activities followed the general developmental pattern that has been characterized in fish larvae, with a succession of increases or decreases. Amylase, lipase, and trypsin activities generally started to increase or decrease at transitions from endogenous to exogenous feeding or diet changes, suggesting that these enzymatic activities can be modulated by feeding modes. The activities of all the enzymes remained stable from 25 dah onwards, coinciding with the formation of gastric glands and pyloric caecum. These results imply that specific activities of these enzymes underwent changes due to morphological and physiological modifications or diet shift during larval development but that they became stable after the development of the digestive organs and associated glands was fully completed and the organs/glands functioned. Trypsin and alkaline phosphatase were more sensitive to starvation than amylase and lipase because delayed feeding up to 2 days after mouth opening was able to adversely affect their activities. Enzyme activities did not significantly differ among feeding groups during endogenous feeding; however, all activities were remarkably reduced when delayed feeding was within 3 days after mouth opening. Initiation of larvae feeding should occur within 2 days after mouth opening so that good growth and survival can be obtained in the culture.     

棉花喷施植物基因活化剂防早衰保丰收初探

近几年,棉花早衰现象普遍发生,并有逐年加重趋势,棉花产量和品质大大降低,棉花早衰的原因十分复杂,由于棉花生长中后期,根系和叶片功能活力下降,如遇不良环境条件及栽培管理措施不到位都会出现早衰,应引起广大棉农的高度重视。防止棉花早衰的措施很多,要根据具体原因灵活针对性     

快速检测大豆疫霉菌的酶联免疫技术研究

 大豆疫霉菌是我国的一类检疫性病菌,由于常规的检测方法速度慢,效率低,所以选择酶联免疫技术进行快速检测非常重要。