斜插式蔬菜嫁接机砧木夹持机构研制与试验

针对传统嫁接机采用整体式夹持片作为砧木夹持机构无法矫正砧木苗弯曲度而造成砧木苗夹持损伤,夹持力无法调节的缺点,该文以葫芦苗作为试验对象,在分析了葫芦苗结构参数和力学特性的基础上,设计开发了一种应用于斜插式蔬菜嫁接机并通过凸形和凹形夹持片交叉夹紧、夹持机构厚度和夹持力大小可调的砧木夹持机构,并确定了该机构的主要结构参数。试验结果表明,与普通夹持机构相比,该机构对砧木苗具有较好的导向作用,能较好地矫正砧木苗的弯曲状态,夹持成功率达到100%,提高了13.3个百分点,伤苗率仅为1.67%,比普通夹持机构减小了11.63个百分点,所设计的嫁接机砧木苗夹持机构是可行的。该研究可为蔬菜砧木苗嫁接机的设计提供参考。     

不同作物类型下蒸散发时间尺度扩展方法对比

该文的目的是评价由瞬时潜热通量经过时间尺度扩展方法计算日蒸散发量的可靠性。为此,采用蒸发比法、改进的蒸发比法、正弦关系法及作物系数法等4种常用的蒸散发时间尺度扩展方法,针对位于华北平原的高营站和位于东北平原的通榆站的5种典型下垫面类型,分别对瞬时潜热通量进行时间尺度扩展,估算日蒸散发量,并与通量站采用涡度相关系统观测的日蒸散发量进行对比。结果表明,尽管4种方法在总体上具有一致性,但改进的蒸发比法的模拟精度最高（相对均方根误差20%左右）,更适合于估算中国北方典型农田的日蒸散发量。然而,4种方法均存在系统误差,从而导致采用上午时段瞬时通量估算的日蒸散发量系统偏小,而采用下午时段估算的日蒸散发量系统偏大。     

基于遥感的北方防风固沙区沙化草地利用基线盖度研究

为推动北方防风固沙生态功能区稳定维持生态健康安全,满足草地资源适度利用协调发展,该文选择北方防风固沙生态功能区的正蓝旗为典型研究区,利用TM遥感影像的NDVI,结合大量的野外地面调查数据,建立植被盖度遥感反演模型,提取区域植被盖度,并按照沙地类型划分标准划分沙地类型,提取半固定沙地和固定沙地过渡带处的平均植被盖度,开展防风固沙功能基线盖度评估研究。以基线盖度为基准,划分非利用区和可适度放牧利用。结果显示,提取正蓝旗草地资源利用基线盖度为30.47%,并通过基线盖度地面调查验证,与基线盖度地面调查结果一致。确定了可适度利用的草原范围及面积为396 927.3 hm2,占正蓝旗草原面积的39%,建立了生态保护约束下的草地资源利用格局。该研究可为沙化草地合理利用提供参考。     

Approaches to increase recovery of bacterial and fungal abortion agents in domestic ruminants

Abortions in domestic ruminants cause significant economic losses to farmers. Determining the cause of an abortion is important for control efforts, but it can be challenging. All available diagnostic methods in the bacteriology laboratory should be employed in every case due to the many limiting factors (autolysis, lack of history, range of samples) that complicate the investigation process. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the recovery of diagnostically significant isolates from domestic ruminant abortion cases could be increased through the use of a combination of the existing aerobic culture and Brucella selective method with methods that are commonly recommended in the literature reporting abortion investigations. These methods are examination of wet preparations and impression smears stained by the modified Ziehl–Neelsen method, anaerobic, microaerophilic, Leptospira, Mycoplasma and fungal culture. Samples of placenta and aborted foetuses from 135 routine clinical abortion cases of cattle (n = 88), sheep (n = 25) and goats (n = 22) were analysed by the new combination of methods. In 46 cases, bacteria were identified as aetiological agents and in one case a fungus. Isolation of Brucella species increased to 7.4% over two years compared with the previous 10 years (7.3%), as well as Campylobacter jejuni (n = 2) and Rhizopus species (n = 1). Salmonella species (5.9%) and Trueperella pyogenes (4.4%) were also isolated more often. In conclusion, the approach was effective in removing test selection bias in the bacteriology laboratory. The importance of performing an in-depth study on the products of abortion by means of an extensive, combination of conventional culture methods was emphasised by increased isolation of Brucella abortus and isolation of C. jejuni. The combination of methods that yielded the most clinically relevant isolates was aerobic, microaerophilic, Brucella and fungal cultures.     

Psittacid alphaherpesvirus 5 infection in Indian ringneck parakeets in southern California

Four Indian ringneck parakeets (Psittacula krameri; syn. ringneck parrots or rose-ringed parakeets) were submitted by 2 private owners for autopsy following a history of dyspnea and death. Gross findings were varied and included thickening of the left caudal thoracic air sac, white spots throughout the liver, mild dilation of the proventriculus, coelomic effusion, splenomegaly, and pulmonary congestion and edema. Microscopically, the submitted parakeets had significant lesions in the lower respiratory tract, including necrotizing bronchitis, parabronchitis, and interstitial pneumonia with numerous syncytia containing eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions. Electron microscopy of the lungs was compatible with a herpesviral infection and Psittacid alphaherpesvirus 5 (PsAHV5) was detected via PCR and sequencing. There has been inconsistent terminology used with Psittacid alphaherpesvirus 3 and PsAHV5; we attempt here to clarify the reported history of these viruses.     

Tyzzer disease in 19 preweaned orphaned kittens

Clostridium piliforme, the agent of Tyzzer disease, has traditionally not been considered a major pathogen of cats. We queried the database of the Pathology Service of the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California–Davis, for kittens <6-mo-old autopsied between 2000–2021 that had colitis, hepatitis, and/or myocarditis; 37 cases met the search criteria. Sections of colon, liver, and heart from these 37 cats were stained with modified Steiner; 19 of 37 (51%) cases had intraepithelial, Steiner-positive rods compatible with C. piliforme in at least one organ, confirming Tyzzer disease. The affected age range was 7–42 d (median: 17.5 d). Eighteen were orphaned kittens. Colitis was the major lesion (18 of 19) followed by random hepatitis (11 of 19). Perianal dermatitis with intraepithelial stacked rods was seen in 2 of 19. Myocarditis was not evident in any of the cases. A PCR assay for C. piliforme on 10 selected cases using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks was positive or suspected in colon (5 of 10), liver (5 of 10), and heart (1 of 10). The modified Steiner stain was more sensitive in the detection of bacteria than PCR on FFPE samples. Fifteen kittens had comorbidities. A weakened immune state caused by maternal, environmental, infectious, and/or nutritional causes is speculated to have contributed to disease onset. We found that Tyzzer disease is more common than previously believed in orphaned kittens and should be considered in kittens with colitis and/or hepatitis.     

Candidate genes underlying QTL for flowering time and their interactions in a wide spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cross

Response to vernalization and photoperiod are the main determinants controlling the time to flowering in temperate cereals. While the individual genes that dete...     

Progress in Research of Chinese Wetland Parks

There has been a rapid development in the construction of wetland parks in China in recent years.This paper discussed the progress in the research of Chinese wetland parks that covered the aspects of wetland resources,landscape and environment.The function of wetland parks,the evaluation of landscape and the exploiting of resources;the landscape concept and landscape planning and design;the plant environment,the water environment and the recreation environment were all reviewed.The research of Chinese wetland parks started later but developed rapidly,having remarkable achievements in practice and functional studies,and there are still some shortcomings in the researches to be improved.At last,the key points which should be researched urgently in the future were discussed.     

接种茄病镰刀菌(Fusarium solani f.sp.glycines)对不同基因型大豆植株和须根的影响

摘要：茄病镰刀菌（Fusarium solani f．sp．glydne）是一种土生细菌,通过侵染大豆根系引发猝死综合症。利用温室盆栽试验和须根培养试验研究了接种茄孢镰刀菌对13个不同基因型大豆的影响。结果表明：接种后所有盆栽大豆主根都有明显深褐色的侵染病斑;移植后21d测定了盆栽植株叶部发病程度,Peking表现最为严重,然后依次为Spencer,Ripley,P3981,Williams82,Essex,Forrest,Iroquois,PI520733,Hartwig,PI567650B,Jack,和PI567374。叶部发病程度与冠高（r=-0．422,P=0．0018）、冠重（r=-0．857,P〈0．0001）和根重（r=-0．732,P〈0．0001）呈显著负相关。主根病斑长度与叶部发病程度没有相关性,表明大豆对病原菌的抗性不能仅通过根系得到充分控制。对培养的大豆须根接种茄病镰刀菌菌丝体10d后,不同基因型大豆的菌落直径的变化范围为17—40mm,差异显著（P=0．05）,其中Spencer和Peking须根上的菌落直径显著（P=0．05）大于PI567374和PI520733。对Spencer和PI567374的须根接种10灿茄病镰刀菌常量成分悬浮液,10d后菌落直径分别为50和38mm,差异显著（P=0．05）。通常,不同基因型大豆间茄病镰刀菌在培养须根上的生长与整株的症状间有一定的相关性,但不总是这样,这是因为即使根系对毒素产生抗性来减少叶部病害症状,但并不是所有的大豆都表现出明显的根系抗性。