共同违法行为处罚原则运用

2016年6月,某动物卫生监督机构查获一起涉嫌违法经营依法应当检疫而未经检疫生猪案。经调查取证,认定张某和王某系本案共同责任人,但在"由谁承担罚款"问题上,执法人员意见不一。本文剖析共同违法行为的界定、处理判断原则,探求共同违法行为中,将个人合伙关系作为被处罚主体的法律依据,进而提出了与之相适用的处罚原则和处理程序,为今后动物卫生监督执法提供参考。     

饲粮添加共轭亚油酸对肉仔鸡肠道黏膜免疫反应的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)对肉仔鸡肠道黏膜免疫反应的影响。试验选用72只1日龄健康、体重相近的爱拔益加(AA)雄性肉仔鸡,随机分配到对照组和CLA组,分别饲喂基础饲粮和在基础饲粮中添加1%CLA的饲粮,每组6个重复,每个重复6只鸡。21日龄屠宰取样。结果表明:CLA组肉仔鸡空肠食糜分泌型免疫球蛋白A(secretory immunoglobulin A,SIgA)含量(P<0.01)和空肠SIgA基因mRNA表达水平(P<0.01)均高于对照组;饲粮添加CLA显著提高肉仔鸡空肠过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)基因mRNA表达水平(P<0.01),但转化生长因子β4(transforming growth factor-β4,TGFβ4)基因mRNA表达水平在2组之间没有显著差异(P>0.05);CLA组肉仔鸡Peyer氏结CD8+T细胞亚群百分数(P<0.01)和淋巴细胞转化率(P<0.05)均显著高于对照组。由此可见,饲粮添加1%CLA提高了21日龄肉仔鸡空肠SIgA水平,激活PPARγ可能是CLA调节SIgA表达的途径之一。饲粮添加1%CLA影响21日龄肉仔鸡空肠黏膜细胞免疫功能。     

肠炎沙门氏菌污染饲料对鸡蛋安全的影响

本研究选用160只60周龄白来航蛋鸡,随机分为4组,分别一次性采食30g添加了0、4.7×102、4.7×105、4.7×108cfu肠炎沙门氏菌(SE)的饲料,然后用特异性PCR法对试验鸡所产鸡蛋的不同部位进行SE检测,并观察记录生产性能。结果显示,对照组鸡蛋各部位均为阴性,试验组的蛋壳、壳膜、蛋黄、蛋白均能检测到SE,且随染菌量的增大,检出率增高。当摄入108cfu的SE时,会降低产蛋率,但对鸡蛋的表观性状没有显著影响,成为危害人类健康的潜在隐患。     

Bacterial Communities in Acid Tea Soils Treated for 10 Years with Chemical vs. Integrated Fertilizers

MiSeq sequencing approach was used to estimate bacterial community structure and diversity in acid tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) soils treated with 10 yr of non-fertilization control (CK), chemical fertilizers only (CF), and the integrated use of chicken manure and legume straw with chemical fertilizers (IF), respectively. We found that the most predominant phyla in acid tea soils are Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria. Moreover, IF resulted in the prevalence of the genera Bradyrhizobium, Haliangium, Nitrospira, Roseiflexus, Ramlibacter, and Flavobacterium, which accounted for 2.02%, 1.56%, 2.33%, 2.22%, 1.07%, and 1.03% of the total bacteria, respectively. Additionally, the relative abundances of the phyla Nitrospirae, Latescibacteria, Fibrobacteres, and Microgenomates were positively correlated with pH, total N (TN), soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil moisture (SM) contents. Together, these results suggest that the integrated fertilizer regimes may affect pH, SM, TN, and SOC contents, which in turn influence soil bacterial community structure.     

桑树新品种农桑10号的育成

用人工有性杂交,单株选择,系统选择,区域性鉴定,育成早熟桑树新品种农桑10号。与对照荷叶白相比,全年公顷桑产叶量高17．09％,春产片叶量高23．11％,万蚕茧层量高279％,公顷桑产茧层量高2421％,百蚕良卵数相仿,抗桑黑枯型细菌病、黄化型萎缩病力强,抗旱耐瘠,生长势旺,适应性广。     

豆乳和豆腐加工过程中营养成分利用的品种间差异

采用全国各地的２６１个大豆品种为材料,研究豆乳和豆腐加工过程中营养成分利用和损失的品种间差异,结果表明豆乳和豆腐加工过程中每１００ｇ干籽粒平均生产干豆乳７１．９２ｇ其中蛋白质,油分,糖类产量分别为３７．２０ｇ,１６．２２ｇ,１３．２５ｇ生产干豆腐５１．８０ｇ其中蛋白质,油分,糖关产量分别为２３．９４ｇ．１２．７３ｇ,１０．０３ｇ损失豆渣干物质２５．７６ｇ,其中蛋白质,油分,糖类损失率分别为１５．１     

三轮高架作业车玉米变量施肥系统设计与试验

针对玉米追施肥机械田间作业通过性及施肥量精确控制问题,设计了一种三轮高架作业车变量施肥系统,该系统由机械排肥系统、液压传动系统和电控调速系统3部分组成。电控调速系统采用闭环控制,以STM32F103R8T6微处理器为控制核心,结合设置的施肥参数和检测到的速度信号,采用增量式PID算法控制施压系统中的电液比例流量阀来调节排肥轴的转速,实现对施肥量的控制,并显示施肥参数、作业车前进速度和排肥轴转速。室内试验表明,排肥槽工作长度为30mm,排肥量平均变异系数最小,确定了该工作长度下排肥量和排肥轴转速的拟合方程;整定PID控制参数,确定了Kp为1.2,Ki为0.02,Kd为0.4。田间试验表明,施肥量平均偏差为0.84%,平均变异系数为1.852%,实现了对玉米机械化精确追肥。     

Effects of dietary chitosan oligosaccharide complex with rare earth on growth performance and innate immune response of turbot,Scophthalmus maximus L.

An 8‐week‐feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary chitosan oligosaccharide complex with rare earth (COS‐REE) on growth performance and innate immune response of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus L. (Initial average weight was (12.1 ± 0.1) g) as well as disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda. Six practical diets (approximately 53.01% protein and 12.57% lipid) were formulated to contain graded levels (0, 75, 150, 300, 600 and 1200 mg kg^?1) of COS‐REE. Results of the present study showed that, compared to the control group (0 mg kg^?1), the specific growth rate (SGR) was significantly higher in fish fed the diet with 300 mg kg^?1 COS‐REE (P < 0.05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The phagocytic index (PI) and the activity of super oxide dismutase (SOD) of serum in fish fed the diet with 300 mg kg^?1 COS‐REE was significantly higher than fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were observed in malondialdehyde (MDA) and hepatic metallothionein (MT) concentrations. After 8 weeks, fish were challenged by intraperitoneal injection with E. tarda, and COS‐REE‐treated fish demonstrated increased protection capability. These results suggested that COS‐REE could enhance growth, innate immunity and disease resistance in turbot, and the optimum dose was approximately 300 mg kg^?1.