Identifying the alien chromosomes in wheat – Leymus multicaulis derivatives using GISH and RFLP techniques

Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used to identify the Leymus multicaulis (XXNN, 2n = 28) chromosomes in wheat-L. muliticaulis derivatives. Fifteen lines containing L. multicaulis alien chromosomes or chromosomal fragments were identified. All alien chromosomes or fragments in these 15 lines were from the X genome and none were from the N genome. Eleven L. multicaulis disomic addition lines and four translocation-addition lines were identified with chromosome rearrangements among homoeologous groups 2, 3, 6 and 7. Only homoeologous group 1 lacked rearrangements in addition or translocation chromosomes. The results revealed that translocation in non-homoeologous chromosomes widely exists in the Triticeae and therefore it is necessary to identify the alien chromosomes (segments) in a wheat background using these combined techniques. During the course of the work, probe PSR112, was found to detect X genome addition lines involving L. multicaulischromosomes. This may prove to be a valuable probe for the identification of alien chromosomes in a wheat background. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

优势视角下的社区矫正模式分析

社区矫正作为一种全新的工作实践和理念,引起了实际工注,并从多个角度进行探索,但到目前为止尚未形成适用的方法体系.优势视角下的社会工作是一种策略性的弱化案主的问题,而更多的关注案主的优势和潜能的社会工作实践的新模式.本文借助优势视角,分析了优势视角介入社区矫正的三个层面的策略:发现优势、发挥优势和发展优势.     

农用车辆安装红外夜视系统的配置问题研究

红外夜视系统在高档轿车上的应用已经较多,对提高轿车夜间行驶视野的效果明显,但在农用车辆上的应用还处于空白。由于在农村和城乡结合地点道路照明条件相对较差,探索在农用车辆上安装红外夜视系统,扩大其在黑暗条件下的视觉范围,提高其主动安全性有着重要的现实意义。通过比对现有各种夜视系统的技术参数,研究在农用车辆上安装合适夜视系统的配置问题意义重大。     

造纸黑液磺化及其改性氨基系减水剂的研究

鉴于造纸黑液产量巨大以及氨基系减水剂(SPF)存在的弊端,以造纸黑液为原料制取磺化木质素,并将其用于改性SPF制得HSPF系列减水剂。考察了磺化木质素的磺化度与分子量,并在吸附量、Zeta电位、净浆流动度和泌水等方面考察了HSPF性能以及与GSPF系列减水剂(由市售木质素磺酸钠改性SPF制得)的差异。研究结果表明:磺化木质素中引入较多磺酸基,其磺化度为0.821 mmol/g,分子量为22.97 kDa;HSPF在吸附能力、吸附量、Zeta电位、净浆流动度等方面均优于GSPF,这缘于磺化木质素更高的磺化度和更适宜的分子量;磺化木质素更大的分子量也造成HSPF泌水率更低。     

柏肤小蠹的生物学特性的观察

柏肤小蠹是侧柏的主要蛀干害虫，在徐州地区每年发生２～３代，以幼虫及成虫越冬，本文论述了柏肤小蠹在徐州地区的年生活史和各虫期的主要生物学特性，初步掌握柏肤小蠹发生与环境间的关系。     

Soil-resistant organic carbon improves soil erosion resistance under agroforestry in the Yellow River Flood Plain,of China

Agroforestry Systems - Soil organic carbon (SOC) pool within different agroforestry systems is less documented. This study therefore investigated the relationships between soil parameters,...     

The generation identification and process of digenesis of Korean pine forest

AgcncrationrcfcrstoaIltrccsgencratcdinsamcPCriodoftimc.Tl1isisat`idcl}'ac-ccptedcol1ccpt.a11dtl1c111ostimPOrtantcharac-tcristicofgcncrationisgcncrationintcri'aloflime.TlcbiologicalcontcntisrcIati\'c1}'t'agucwhcnidcntif3'agcncrationonIyb}'mcansoftime.ltisPoi11tcdoutb}By31,lHlI(l985)tl1atagcncrationrcfcrstoalltl1ctrccst`11ichhax'csamcorigination,agc.morPho1og}',ccologica1proPCrt3'andPOsitionincom111unity,sotl1crcarcman}'`"a},stoidcntif3'gcncration.ltisjustbccauscofthcabundanccoftl1cconnota…     

Experimental and theoretical differential cross sections for a four-atom reaction: HD + OH → H₂O + D

Quantum dynamical theories have progressed to the stage in which state-to-state differential cross sections can now be routinely computed with high accuracy for three-atom systems since the first such calculation was carried out more than 30 years ago for the H + H(2) system. For reactions beyond three atoms, however, highly accurate quantum dynamical calculations of differential cross sections have not been feasible. We have recently developed a quantum wave packet method to compute full-dimensional differential cross sections for four-atom reactions. Here, we report benchmark calculations carried out for the prototypical HD + OH → H(2)O + D reaction on an accurate potential energy surface that yield differential cross sections in excellent agreement with those from a high-resolution, crossed-molecular beam experiment.     

Differentiation of citrus bacterial canker strains in Korea by host range,rep-PCR fingerprinting and 16S rDNA analysis

Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV) causes a severe disease in susceptible cultivars of winter wheat. The virus is vectored by the soil-borne protist Polymyxa graminis. Experiments were conducted to investigate whether SBCMV RNA2 could persist in seed from SBCMV-infected susceptible cultivars of winter wheat. Over 7,000 seedlings were generated from seed collected from two cultivars of SBCMV-infected winter wheat. Seedlings were grown in a glasshouse compartment and batch tested for the presence of SBCMV using real-time RT-PCR. The majority of batches tested positive for SBCMV, indicating an RNA2 transmission rate of 1.8–9.4% in wheat. The presence of the virus was confirmed by amplifying and sequencing a larger (400 bp) fragment of viral RNA2 in a sub-set of the seedlings testing positive by real-time RT-PCR. Root extracts from this sub-set tested negative for P. graminis using real-time PCR. The implications for disease epidemiology of this virus are discussed. The authors are British Civil Servants and as such their work is subject to British Crown Copyright. This means the exclusive copyright for the article cannot be transferred.     

Study on Metsulfuron-Methyl Degradation in Simulated Wheat (Triticum Asetivum L.) Rhizospheric Soil with Penicillium sp. Inoculation

Weathering of abraded metallic Pb from bullets is a significant source of Pb contamination in shooting range soils. Weathering studies were performed using metallic Pb powder to simulate the fine-size fraction of metallic Pb found in shooting range soils. The effects of soil properties (moisture, organic matter-[OM] and pH) on weathering of abraded metallic Pb were examined by incubating a typical Florida soil for 5 to 12 days at 100% or 80% field capacity (FC) after spiking with 5% metallic Pb, after removal of soil OM at 100% FC, and after adjusting the soil pH to 4.8, 6.1 or 8.5 at 100% FC. The weathering products were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Transformation of metallic Pb to secondary Pb-minerals was more rapid at 100% FC, in the presence of OM, and at lower pH. While little transformation of Pb occurred in the absence of soil OM and mostly litharge (PbO) was found at higher pH, both hydrocerussite and litharge formed at lower pH. A three-step weathering mechanisms of metallic Pb including oxidation, carbonation and dissolution was proposed. Addition of both calcium carbonate and phosphate rock was effective in reducing water-soluble Pb, though the effect was minimal after 11 weeks of incubation, attributing to the liming effect of metallic Pb added to the soil. While reducing soil moisture and organic matter and increasing soil pH slowed weathering of metallic Pb in a soil, the effect of calcium carbonate and phosphate rock on Pb solubility in soils highly contaminated with Pb was limited.