巴西橡胶树HbDRM的克隆与表达分析

运用PCR和RACE技术从巴西橡胶树中克隆出了一个域重排甲基转移酶(Domains rearranged methyltransferase,DRM)基因(HbDRM)。HbDRM全长为2 245 bp,含有1 917 bp的阅读框,145 bp的5′-UTR和176 bp 3′-UTR,编码638个氨基酸,分子量为71.39 ku,等电点为4.90。HbDRM的氨基酸序列与可可、葡萄、黄瓜、鹰嘴豆、番茄、拟南芥DRM家族成员的同源性分别为77%、74%、72%、67%、64%和52%。定量RT-PCR分析表明HbDRM在巴西橡胶树的根、树皮、叶、花、胶乳、胚和愈伤组织中均有表达,其中在花和愈伤组织中表达量较高,在胶乳中表达量最低,此外HbDRM在橡胶树自根幼态无性系的胶乳中表达比其供体胶乳中的表达低。HbDRM的克隆和表达分析为下一步研究HbDRM在巴西橡胶树自根幼态无性系高产中的作用打下基础。     

根际pH值对杂交稻幼苗光能转化特性的影响

模拟土壤pH值对杂交稻两优培九幼苗叶片光合速率、类囊体膜的光合电子传递活性、室温吸收光谱、室温荧光发射光谱以及多肽组分影响的研究结果表明,当土壤pH值小于5.0或大于7.0时,叶片光合速率、PSⅠ和PSⅡ的电子传递活性以及类囊体膜室温荧光发射峰值均有不同程度的降低,其中尤以pH 4.0试验组的降低幅度最为显著;pH 4.0与pH 8.0两个试验组使类囊体膜的室温吸收光谱峰值得到增强,但未使多肽组分发生明显改变。研究证明,与酸性环境相比,水稻幼苗对碱性环境的耐受能力更强,其生长的最适土壤pH值为6.0。     

Transferring water from irrigation to higher valued uses: a case study of the Zhanghe irrigation system in China

The Zhanghe irrigation system (ZIS) is located in the Yangtze River Basin approximately 200 km west of Wuhan in Hubei Province. The reservoir was designed for multiple uses—irrigation, flood control, domestic water supply, industrial use, aquaculture, and hydropower. Over a period of more than 30 years a steadily increasing amount of water has been transferred from irrigation to other uses. Activities on the part of government, irrigation system managers, and farmers made this transfer possible with only modest decline in rice production. Most important factor was the steady increase in rice yields. The water pricing system provided an incentive for ZIS to reduce irrigation releases. With the steady decline in releases, farmers were forced to find ways to save water. Farmers improved existing ponds and built new ones to store water (improved infrastructure). Access to pond water on demand facilitated the adoption of alternate wetting and drying (technology) particularly in dry years. The establishment of volumetric pricing (price policy) and water user associations (institutions) may also have provided incentives for adoption of AWD, but more research is needed to establish their impact. These activities taken together can be seen as potentially complementary measures. Farmers received no direct compensation for the transfer of water, but recently farm taxes have been reduced or altogether abolished. Further reduction in water releases from the ZIS reservoir could adversely affect rice production in normal or dry years.     

CRISPR/Cas9介导的多基因编辑系统在大豆中的应用

自CRISPR/Cas9(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9)基因组编辑技术发现以来,迅速在作物中得到广泛应用.但是,CRISPR/Cas9多基因编辑系统在大豆中的研究尚待开发.本文利...     

巴西橡胶树HbWRKY1基因5′调控序列的克隆及功能初步鉴定

为深入研究巴西橡胶树HbWRKY1基因的表达调控机制,采用染色体步移法克隆了HbWRKY1基因的5′调控区序列。结果表明,该序列具有预测的核心启动子区域位于-6~-57 bp,转录起始位点位于翻译起始位点上游41 bp处;该序列具有TATA-box,CAAT-box和GATA-box等多个典型的真核生物启动子基本的顺式作用元件,同时还具有低温响应元件LTR,赤霉素反应元件GARE-motif,生长素响应元件TGA-element和脱落酸响应元件ABRE等参与激素调控元件,此外还有与MYB结合的MBS元件,热胁迫反应的HSE,厌氧诱导元件ARE和增强诱发厌氧反应的GC-motif等顺式作用元件。构建了不同长度的HbWRKY1启动子片段的植物表达载体并转化本生烟草, 通过潮霉素抗性和PCR鉴定,获得了转基因植株。对获得的转HbWRKY1不同长度启动子片段的转基因T1植株GUS染色发现,植株的茎、叶柄、主叶脉和根中均可呈现蓝色,表明HbWRKY1基因的5′调控区可以启动GUS基因的表达, 具有启动子的活性。     

Effects of different arginine/lysine level on growth performance,body composition and digestive enzyme activity of Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Given the universal presence of antagonism between arginine and lysine, determining the optimal dietary arginine/lysine level is of great importance. In this study, eight diets were formulated to contain different arginine/lysine level, followed by a 9‐week feeding trial with shrimps of 2.10 ± 0.01 cm in length and 0.38 ± 0.02 g in weight to determine the effect of dietary arginine/lysine level on growth performance, body composition and enzyme activity. The results showed that the Diet 6 (arginine/lysine level of 29.4/21.0 g/kg) group had significantly higher weight gain rate, and specific growth rate than the control group and most of the other groups (p < .05) did. Similarly, the retention efficiency of arginine and lysine in the Diet 6 group was significantly higher than the control group and most of the other groups (p < .05). Moreover, most digestive enzymes had higher activity levels in the Diet 6 group, and evident antagonism between dietary arginine and lysine was detected. In summary, dietary arginine/lysine level of 29.4/21.0 g/kg produced the best growth performance, suggesting that a better growth performance in Macrobrachium rosenbergii culture can be obtained by adjusting the dietary arginine/lysine level.     

厚颌鲂外周血细胞形态及细胞化学特征研究

采用血细胞常规染色和细胞化学染色对厚颌鲂(Megalobrama pellegrini)外周血细胞形态及细胞化学特征进行观察。结果显示:厚颌鲂外周血细胞可分为红细胞、血栓细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞和三种类型粒细胞。红细胞有幼稚、成熟和衰老三种形态,其中幼稚和衰老红细胞较少见;血栓细胞数量最多,其次是淋巴细胞。粒细胞中Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型较常见,Ⅲ型粒细胞少有。细胞化学染色显示幼红细胞、血栓细胞和淋巴细胞均呈ACP弱阳性;单核细胞呈ACP和ANAE阳性;Ⅰ型粒细胞是嗜中性粒细胞,POX、ACP和ANAE阳性;Ⅱ型粒细胞是PAS-GL,PAS强阳性和ACP阳性;Ⅲ型粒细胞是Ⅰ型粒细胞的晚期形态。厚颌鲂的PAS-GL可能是嗜酸性/嗜碱性粒细胞,而不是嗜碱性粒细胞的前体。     

真鲷窒息点与耗氧率的初步测定

真鲷(Pagrosomus major T and S)是广东及其他各省市沿海海水网箱养殖的主要鱼类之一。随着真鲷人工繁殖和苗种培育的成功,真鲷养殖业将会有一个更大的发展。夫于鱼类的窒息点与耗氧率的研究早有不少,但是对真鲷除个别学者提及其窒息点外,真正对其窒息点与耗氧率的系统研究尚未见到。为了绘其鲷的人工繁殖、苗种培育、运输和成鱼养殖提供呼吸生理方面的理论依据,笔者于1990年春对真鲷的窒息点和耗氧率进行了初步测定,就不同规格大小的苗种及备种外界条件与窒息点和耗氧率之间的关系进行了初步探讨。     

AFLP技术在鱼类种群分析中的应用

文章介绍了扩增性片段长度多态性（amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP）技术的原理和应用程序,概述了AFLP技术在鱼类种质资源、种群鉴别和地理分化及种群自我恢复能力等分析研究中的应用现状和应用前景。并期望AFLP种群分析技术也将在鱼类洄游、捕捞量配额分配及生态学等研究中有重要应用。     

Effects of dietary macroalgae meal and lipid source on growth performance and body wall fatty acid composition of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

A 70‐day experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different macroalgal meals and lipid sources on growth, body wall composition and fatty acid (FA) profile of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Two macroalgal meals including Sargassum muticum (SM) and Gracilaria lemaneiformis (GL) and two lipid sources including fish oil (FO) and vegetable oil (VO) were formulated into four diets, i.e., S. muticum and fish oil (SF), S. muticum and vegetable oil (SV), G. lemaneiformis and fish oil (GF) and G. lemaneiformis and vegetable oil (GV). The results showed that the specific growth rates (SGR) of A. japonicus fed diets containing SM were significantly higher than those fed diets containing GL. No significant differences in SGR between the FO‐based and VO‐based groups were observed. Similar results were observed in the body wall lipid content. Most body wall FAs changed to resemble the dietary FA proportions because of the dietary effect. Concentrations of 20:4n‐6 of the SF and GF groups were significantly lower than the SV and GV groups, while levels of 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 were significantly higher than the SV and GV groups. The n‐3/n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratios of the SF and GF groups were significantly higher than the SV and GV groups. Moreover, the SF group had significantly higher 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 contents and n‐3/n‐6 PUFAs ratio than the GF group. These findings reveal that the SF diet can show beneficial effects on both growth performance and body wall n‐3 PUFAs content of A. japonicus.