青岛百合小孢子发生和雄配子体的形成

采用石蜡切片技术和铁矾-苏木精染色方法,研究了珍稀濒危植物青岛百合小孢子发生和雄配子体形成过程。结果表明:青岛百合有6枚雄蕊,每个花药具4个花粉囊。花粉囊壁发育属基本型,由6层细胞构成,即表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层,绒毡层细胞发育为腺质绒毡层。小孢子母细胞减数分裂的胞质分裂为连续型。小孢子在四分体中的排列为四面体型、左右对称型和十字型。成熟花粉粒为2-细胞型,具1个萌发沟。花粉粒在整个发育时期有不同步现象,相差1～2个时相。     

光照对大豆叶片衰老相关基因差异表达的影响

利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析不同光照条件下大豆垦农18(KN18)叶片衰老相关基因(GmWRKY53b、GmCIB1、GmPAO1、GmSAG12)及蓝光受体隐花色素基因(GmCRY2a)的表达情况。结果表明:GmWRKY53b、GmCRY2a在长光照(LD)条件下比在短光照(SD)条件下的表达量高;GmCIB1在长光照条件下比在短光照条件下的表达量低;长光照条件下GmSAG12的基因的表达量先高于短光照条件下的表达量,光照16 h时GmSAG12在长光照条件下的表达量低于短光照条件下的表达量;而GmPAO1基因在不同光周期处理表达量没有明显差异。     

关于在海南岛建立树袋熊饲养园可行性初探

随着海南省国际旅游岛的建设和发展,海南的旅游业建设一路高歌猛进。本文意在为海南旅游业建设添砖加瓦,在开创新思维的角度上,科学的初步分析了在海南岛饲养澳大利亚树袋熊的可行性,并简要提出了基本的经营方法,以供研究和探讨。     

麦棉套种对预留棉行光合有效辐射的影响

对东西行向、预留棉行为１００ｃｍ的三二式麦棉套种方式研究表明，在小麦抽穗后的麦棉共生期间，预留棉行上的平均光合有效辐射仅为一熟棉田的５０％～８０％，株高低和叶片枯黄时光照削弱较小；在麦棉间距相同的情况下，北行棉花接受的ＰＰＦＤ较多，而正午前后南行棉花易受荫蔽，南行棉花适当北移，保持麦棉间距在３０ｃｍ以上，降低小麦群体株高，防止小麦旺长，起垄种棉，都有利于棉花生长发育。     

Effects of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on growth performance,intestinal antioxidative capacity,immunity, and intestinal microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens

Essential oils are plant-derived aromatic volatile oils, and they contain bioactive compounds that have been shown to improve poultry nutrition. In this study, we investigated the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) on intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota of young yellow-feathered chickens. A total of nine hundred and sixty 1-d-old female Qingyuan partridge chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with six replicates of 40 birds each, and the feeding trial was lasted for 30 d. The controls were fed on a basal diet without in-feed antibiotics; the birds in the antibiotic group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg virginiamycin; the remaining birds were fed the basal diet containing 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO, respectively. Dietary supplementation with 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO increased average daily feed intake (P = 0.057) and average daily gain (P < 0.05). The activities of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidative capacity in plasma, jejuna, and ileal mucosa were increased by OEO supplementation (P < 0.05), with a trend of lower jejunal content of malonaldehyde (P = 0.062). Moreover, dietary OEO increased the content of secretory immunoglobulin A (P = 0.078) and the relative expression of Claudin 1, Mucin 2, and Avain beta-defensin 1 in ileum (P < 0.05). Sequencing data of 16S rRNA indicated that dietary OEO increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum, and Clostridium and Lactobacillus genera, and decreasing that of Romboutsia. Functional analyses indicated that microbial amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, replication, and repair systems were higher in OEO groups than those of controls and antibiotic treatment. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with OEO enhanced growth performance, alleviated local oxidative stress in intestine, improved production of natural antibodies, and favorably modulated intestinal microbiota composition.     

Sulfadiazine pharmacokinetics in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) receiving oral and intravenous administrations

This study aimed to examine the bioavailability (BA) and pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of sulfadiazine (SDZ) in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) after oral and intravenous administrations. Blood samples were collected at predetermined time points of 0.083, 0.17, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr (n = 6). The samples were extracted and purified by organic reagents and determined by the ultra‐performance liquid chromatography. The software named 3P97 was used to calculate relevant PK parameters. The results demonstrated that the concentration–time profile of SDZ was best described by a one‐compartmental open model with first‐order absorption after a single oral dose. The main PK parameters of the absorption rate constant (K_α), the absorption half‐life (t_{1/2 Kα}), the elimination rate constant (K_e), the elimination half‐life (t_1/2Ke), and the area under concentration–time profile (AUC_0‐∞) were 0.3 1/h, 2.29 hr, 0.039 1/h, 17.64 hr, and 855.78 mg.h/L, respectively. Following intravenous administration, the concentration–time curve fitted to a two‐compartmental open model without absorption. The primary PK parameters of the distribution rate constant (α), the elimination rate constant (β), the distribution half‐life (t_1/2α), the elimination half‐life (t_1/2β), the apparent distribution volume (V_SS), the total clearance (CL), and AUC_0‐∞ were 9.62 1/hr, 0.039 1/hr, 0.072 hr, 17.71 hr, 0.33 L/kg, 0.013 L h^?1 kg^?1, and 386.23 mg.h/L, respectively. Finally, the BA was calculated to be 22.16%. Overall, this study will provide some fundamental information on PK properties in the development of a new formulation SDZ in the future and is partially beneficial for the appropriate usage of SDZ in aquaculture.     

兴安盟地区旱作条件下11个苜蓿品种生产性能和饲用价值比较

为筛选兴安盟地区旱作条件下适宜引进栽培的优良苜蓿品种,在兴安盟乌兰浩特市呼和马场种植11个苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种,通过连续2年观测参试品种的越冬率、株高、产量、茎叶比及营养成分等指标,对旱作条件下11个苜蓿品种的生产性能和饲用价值进行灰色关联分析。结果表明:图牧2号、敖汉苜蓿和呼伦贝尔杂花苜蓿两年的平均越冬率较高;SK3010、呼伦贝尔杂花苜蓿和敖汉苜蓿在株高、生长速度和干草产量方面表现较好;图牧2号的茎叶比均最大,其次是呼伦贝尔杂花苜蓿、SK3010和敖汉苜蓿;WL168HQ、斯普雷德和呼伦贝尔杂花苜蓿两年的粗蛋白质含量均高于18%;巨能2和斯贝德的粗纤维含量较高;WL168HQ、呼伦贝尔杂花苜蓿、WL343HQ、SK3010和WL319HQ的粗灰分含量均高于10%。对11个苜蓿品种的越冬率、产量特性和饲用品质进行灰色关联分析表明,呼伦贝尔杂花苜蓿的综合表现最优,适合在该地区种植推广。     

遗传算法优化超声辅助低共熔溶剂提取红枣总黄酮工艺研究

本文采用一种新型绿色溶剂提取红枣总黄酮,并对其提取工艺进行优化。通过单因素试验探究含水量、超声功率、提取时间、提取温度和料液比对红枣总黄酮得率的影响。在此基础上,采用遗传算法优化超声辅助低共熔溶剂提取红枣总黄酮工艺。结果表明：超声辅助低共熔溶剂提取红枣总黄酮最优的工艺参数为：含水量37%、超声功率167 W、提取时间30 min、提取温度54 ℃和料液比1∶26（g/mL）。在此条件下,所得红枣总黄酮得率为（29.33±0.37）mg/g。试验值和理论值的相对误差为1.24%。表明遗传算法可较好地模拟和预测不同提取条件下红枣总黄酮得率,且优化工艺参数是可行的。研究发现低共熔溶剂可作为一种新型、绿色溶剂用于高效提取红枣总黄酮。[关键词] 遗传算法|红枣|总黄酮|低共熔溶剂|工艺     

山东省部分规模猪场非洲猪瘟防控成本与效益调查

为了解山东省规模猪场非洲猪瘟防控成本和效益变化情况,2020年上半年从母猪繁殖性能、育肥猪生产性能、仔猪及饲料购买费用、医疗技术投入费用、防控成本以及收入和利润等方面,对抽检的19家规模养猪场开展问卷调查,并对调查结果分别与2019年和非洲猪瘟疫情发生前年份（以下简称正常年份）进行统计对比。结果显示：2020年上半年规模猪场能繁母猪存栏量同比增加200.1%,比正常年份增加372.8%;育肥猪年出栏量同比增长720.7%,比正常年份增长527.0%。仔猪平均购买价格同比增长49.2%,比正常年份增长167.8%;医疗防疫费同比增长4.1%,比正常年份增长11.6%;改造或新建防控设备设施投入大幅增加,其中智能化系统、散装饲料塔、空气过滤系统、外墙防护设施的升级新建投入费用均超过1 600万元;血清学检测费用同比增加3.4%;病原学检测费用同比增加103.4%。断奶仔猪平均售价同比增长59.9%,比正常年份增长148.4%;育肥猪平均售价同比增长24.4%,比正常年份增长127.0%;净利润同比增加63.2%,比正常年份增加1 125.8%。结果表明,山东省规模猪场在防控非洲猪瘟疫情方面的投入明显加大,但生猪产能显著提升,生猪养殖收益大幅增加,因而生猪生产恢复趋势利好。