Sulfur uptake and translocation in maize (zea mays) grown in a high pH soil treated with elemental sulfur

A glasshouse experiment was conducted to elucidate the influence of elemental sulfur (S) application rates (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g S kg^?1 soil) on the release and uptake of S at 0, 20, and 40 days after incubation. Results showed that there was a progressive upward trend in maize leaves, stem, and root S content with application of elemental S. However, maize production followed a nonlinear model. Plants grown in untreated soils suffer from S deficiency and addition of elemental S at a rate of 0.5 g S kg^?1 soil alleviated S deficiency. The decrease in maize performance due to the highest S application rate was not related to S toxicity. The greatest leave, stem, and root productions were obtained at S concentrations of 0.41, 0.58, and 0.2%, respectively. Overall, application of elemental S at a rate of 0.5 g S kg^?1 soil is recommended for maize performance improvement.     

商业生产条件下香辣宝6930对肉鸡生产性能的影响

在欧洲,产品香辣宝6930(含3种植物提取物的有效成分:香芹酚、肉桂醛和辣椒素)作为抗生素促生长剂替代物在饲料中添加应用研究已经超过10年。然而,有关该产品在中国商业生产条件下的应用效果还未有过正式报道。本试验在同一栋畜舍内分2个批次进鸡重复相同的对比试验,试验分对照组和试验组,试验组是将对照日粮能量浓度降低25kcal/kg后,额外添加香辣宝6930100g/t到饲料中,观察其对肉鸡生产性能和成活率的影响效果。结果表明,在最初的2—4周,香辣宝对肉鸡体重增长有促进作用但尚未达到统计学的显著水平,但2个批次试验的料重比均减少2%以上;但试验最后2周和全期统计结果的增重和料重比与对照相比均有显著提高(3.5%,P0.05);从2个批次不同健康状态试验鸡的比较来看,香辣宝6930对健康状态稍差的鸡的成活率改善状况与对照相比更加明显(6.73%,P0.05)。     

马来西亚未尽利用热带水果概况

未尽利用热带水果,即在当地消费和医用的非贸易热带水果,未普及化,生长于野外,季节性强,但富含多酚类化合物、类胡萝卜素、花青素、脂肪酸、矿物质和氨基酸,因而具有一定的开发潜力。在马来西亚,热带水果丰富多样,主要有普通水果、观赏水果、特有水果、野生水果和高地水果,但大部分水果都未能充分利用,其中,典型的有罗望子、巴杖果、砂拉越芒果、钮扣山竹、榴莲、莲雾、挂尼芒果、野红毛丹和蛇皮果。这些水果可以分为3个类型：具有贸易开发潜力的主要包括无花果（Ficus sp.）、罗望子（Garcinia atroviridis）、尖必达（Artocarpus integer）、鲜花木果（Lepisan-thes alata）、野榴莲（Durio sp.）、橄榄木（Spondias cytherea）、菠萝蜜（Artocarpus heterophullus）、槟榔（Areca catechu）、野红毛丹（Nephelium ramboutan-ake）、蛇皮果（Salacca zalacca）和面包果（Artocarpus altilis）;具有适于当地人们利用潜力的水果种类包括木胡瓜（Averrhoe bilimbi）、榔拜果（Baccaurea motteyana）、单贝果Baccaurea macrocarpa）、喃喃果属（Cynometra cauliflora）、西柚（Dialum indum）、黄肉榴莲（Durio kutejensis）、野生山竹（Garcinia hombroiniana）、野檬果（Garcinia parvifolia）、巴杖果（Mangifera feotida）、醋栗（Phyllanthus emblica）、蒲桃（Syzygium jambos）;不具有经济利用开发潜力的水果种类包括哥露比（Salacca conferta）、青枣（Zizyphus mauritiana）、木奶果属（Baccaurea polyneura）、野檬果（Garcinia parvifolia）、番龙眼（Pometia sp.）、赤才果（Leppisanthes rubiginosa）、波漆果（Bouea microphylla）、蛋黄果（Pouteria campechiana）和仙都果（Sandoricum koetjape）。目前,有关未尽利用水果研究仍处于初期阶段,有必要使这些水果更为普及并得到有效利用,因此,政府和私人组织须采取一些措施以促进这些水果的消费。今后需对这些水果的营养成分、抗氧化作用以及疗效进行深入研究。     

Protein and energy nutrition of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) at optimal and elevated temperatures

The digestible protein (DP) and digestible energy (DE) requirements for maintenance and growth of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were determined using a factorial model at either optimum (15 °C) or elevated temperature (19 °C). Several key parameters of the factorial model were measured using a series of inter‐related studies. The maintenance requirements for DP and DE were 0.10 gDP kg^?0.69 day^?1 (15 °C) and 0.31 gDP kg^?0.78 day^?1 (19 °C), and 34.86 kJDE kg^?0.84 day^?1 (15 °C) and 46.14 kJDE kg^?0.86 day^?1 (19 °C). The total requirements for DP were 0.10 gDP kg^?0.69 day^?1 + 2.14PG (protein gain) (15 °C) and 0.31 gDP kg^?0.78 day^?1 + 1.98PG (19 °C). The total requirements for DE were 36.86 kJDE kg^?0.84 day^?1 + 1.58EG (energy gain) (15 °C) and 46.14 kJDE kg^?0.86 day^?1 + 1.64EG (19 °C). The partial efficiencies for growth were 0.47 (15 °C) and 0.51 (19 °C) for protein, and 0.63 (15 °C) and 0.61 (19 °C) for energy. Nutrient gain was lower at the elevated temperature; however, feed formulation for brook trout should be adjusted to match changes in nutrient requirements at different culture temperatures. The protein and energy requirements model will be useful for developing commercial feeds and feeding charts for brook trout.     

The Healing Potential of Plantago lanceolata Ointment on Collagenase-Induced Tendinitis in Burros (Equus asinus)

This study was carried out to evaluate the healing potential of water-soluble extract of Plantago lanceolata as a topical ointment on experimental tendinitis in burros. Tendinitis was induced by injection of 2,500 U of bacterial collagenase in the superficial digital flexor tendon of both forelimbs of six male burros. Tendinitis was confirmed ultrasonographically. 48 hours after collagenase injection, two grams of 10% P lanceolata ointment was applied on one limb (treatment group) and the same amount of eucerin (the vehicle of the ointment) on the other limb (control group), every other day for 6 weeks. Ultrasonographic examination of the tendon was performed weekly during the study and mean cross-sectional area of the superficial digital flexor tendon was measured, which was found to increase significantly after injection of collagenase in both groups. From the third week, it decreased significantly in the treatment group in comparison with the control group. At the end of the study, the animals were euthanized for histopathological study of the tendons. In control group, degenerative changes in tendon could be seen, whereas significant degree of healing was observed in the treatment group. It can thus be concluded that the P lanceolata ointment was effective in promoting the healing process of the tendon.     

Variation in autosomal and sex-linked genetic effects for growth traits in Markhoz goat using multivariate animal models

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The present study was conducted to estimate autosomal and sex-linked genetic parameters by restricted maximum likelihood method using four different...     

An evaluation and comparison of drip and conventional furrow irrigation methods on maize

A field study was conducted over two years on maize at Islam Abad Research Station at 34°7′42′′N and 46°27′23′′E and elevation of 1348 m a.s.l in Kermanshah Province, western Iran in order to compare the effects of different irrigation methods and treatments on irrigation water use efficiency, crop yield, yield response factor, pan and seasonal crop coefficients, and other maize parameters. The experiment was a complete randomized block design with three replicates. During the study, irrigation water was applied at 40, 60, 80 and 100% of the maize seasonal water requirement for different surface drip tape (SDT) treatments, and 100% only for conventional furrow irrigation treatments with and without soil and water monitoring. The results showed that by using the above-mentioned different drip tape and surface treatments with soil and water monitoring, maize seasonal irrigation water use savings of 81, 71, 61, 52 and 36% were achieved compared with local conventional furrow irrigation without any soil, water and root monitoring, respectively. The yield response factor (K _y), seasonal crop (K _c) and pan coefficient (K _p) for maize were 0.80, 0.76 and 0.97, respectively.     

Bioinsecticide production by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. 1. Pattern of cell growth,toxin production and by-product synthesis

To develop a cost-effective process for the production of Bacillus thuringiensis-based insecticide, it is important to cultivate the bacterial strain in rich medium to obtain the highest yields of spore-crystal complexes. It was found that cultivation of the bacterium in medium with high concentrations of glucose (50–90 g l^?1) resulted in much lower bacterial spores, crystal protein and lower toxicity, when tested against Spodoptera littoralis and Anagasta kuehniella larvae. The best results were obtained with glucose concentration of 20.0 g 1^?1 as 7.1 × 10¹¹ spores ml^?1 and 3.4 g l^?1 of crystal protein were achieved with LC₅₀ of 40.1 and 50.2 mg kg^?1 meal against S. littoralis and A. kuehniella, respectively. However, >21% of the consumed glucose was diverted into by-product synthesis at the expense of spore-crystal protein mixture. Only 78.3% of consumed glucose was converted into spores and crystal protein. Among by-products formed, acetic acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) were produced during the phase of active growth and glutamic acid and succinic acid during the phase of active toxin production.