稻麦联合收获开沟埋草多功能一体机行走及脱粒性能改进

针对自行研制的稻麦联合收获开沟埋草多功能一体机所存在的行走直线稳定性差、脱粒质量较低等问题。依据横向轴流式滚筒对稻麦秸秆的传递导流作用和二次复脱的原则,通过增设辅助滚筒的方法既改变出草口位置使开沟总成中移,消除整机偏向力,又延长秸秆在滚筒内的作用时间,提高谷物脱粒质量。其中:辅助滚筒总长为855 mm,导流角为18°,滚筒直径为452 mm,转速为1 350 r/min。性能测试表明:改进后自研一体机在0.27、0.58、0.85 m/s 3种不同工况下行走偏移度分别降低了93.9%、94.4%、93.3%,行走直线稳定性显著提高;小麦和水稻总损失率分别降低20.9%和11.8%,含杂率分别降低45.7%和21.4%。尽管水稻破碎率增加了7.4%,但脱粒的综合质量有较大提高。该研究增进了多功能一体机的适用性,为稻麦秸秆机械化集沟还田提供了参考。     

Growth kinetics of amyloid-like fibrils derived from individual subunits of soy β-conglycinin

The amyloid-like fibrillation of soy β-conglycinin subunits (α, α', and β) upon heating (0-20 h) at 85 °C and pH 2.0 was characterized using dynamic light scattering, circular dichroism (CD), binding to amyloid dyes (Thioflavin T and Congo red), and atomic force microscopy. The fibrillation of all three subunits was accompanied by progressive polypeptide hydrolysis. The hydrolysis behaviors, fibrillation kinetics, and morphologies of amyloid-like fibrils considerably varied among α, α', and β subunits. Faster hydrolysis rates and special fragments were observed for the α and α' subunits compared to the β subunit. However, the order of the fibrillation rate and capacity to form β-sheets was α' > β > α, as evidenced by CD and Thioflavin T data. Moreover, sequential growth of twisted screw-structure fibrils, leading to macroscopic fibrils with distinct morphological characteristics, was observed for β-conglycinin and individual subunits. The different fibrillation kinetics and morphologies of α, α', and β subunits appear to be associated with the differences in the amino acid composition and typical sequence of peptides. Besides, the disruption of ordered structure of fibrils occurred upon further heating (6-20 h) due to extensive hydrolysis. These results would suggest that all subunits are involved in the fibrillation of β-conglycinin, following multiple steps including polypeptide hydrolysis, assembly to amyloid structure, and growth into macroscopic fibrils with a fibril shaving process.     

Application of quantum dot-antibody conjugates for detection of sulfamethazine residue in chicken muscle tissue

A new indirect competitive fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (cFLISA) method for the detection of sulfamethazine (SM2) in chicken muscle tissue was demonstrated using quantum dots (QDs) as the fluorescence label coupled with secondary antibody. The sensitivity of the cFLISA was compared with that of the HPLC method. The 50% inhibition value (IC50) and the limit of detection (LOD) of the cFLISA were 7.7 and 1.0 ng/mL, respectively. When SM2 was spiked at levels of 50, 100, and 200 ng/g, recoveries ranged from 80.6% to 117.4%, with a coefficient of variation of 6.9-9.6%. In the incurred sample analysis, the amounts of SM2 quantified by cFLISA were similar to the results obtained by the HPLC method. This study shows that cFLISA could be used as a screening method in practice.     

京郊荒滩生态恢复及其植被变化研究--以延庆县为例

在延庆县荒滩中，分别选择人工造林恢复植被2年、11年、封禁恢复植被7年和对照区4个样区，在大量野外调查的基础上，对其物种种类、优势种重要值、物种多样性特征、生活型谱和盖度等指标进行了对比分析。结果表明：荒滩生态恢复过程中，人工植被长势良好，植物种类明显增加，群落物种的丰富度指数、均匀度指数、多样性指数均比对照区显著提高，植物群落结构从简单逐渐变为复杂；生活型谱组成发生了显著变化，一、二年生草本植物的比例显著降低；植被盖度明显增加。3个生态恢复样区中，尤其是人工造林恢复植被2年的恢复模式效果最显著，可以在京津及其周边地区相似立地条件的地方推广应用。     

烟草不同组织总RNA的提取方法初探

【研究目的】寻找烟草各个组织总RNA最佳的提取方法。【方法】以烟草K326的根、茎、叶、蕾、花和种子为材料,分别采用试剂盒法、Trizol法和CTAB法提取烟草6个组织总RNA进行对比。【结果】烟草不同组织总RNA提取方法有所不同,试剂盒法和Trizol法只能提取出根、茎、叶、蕾和花的总RNA,而不能提取种子总RNA;CTAB法能提取出6个组织的RNA。3种方法提取的RNA质量好,均能满足RT-PCR以及后续实验的要求。【结论】试剂盒法较Trizol法和CTAB法简单、快捷,适合于烟草除种子以外其余组织总RNA快速提取,CTAB法适合烟草所有组织总RNA提取。     

同异分析法在评价气象因子与水稻产量关系中的初步研究

运用同异分析法,分析和评价了信阳市1996～2005年度水稻生长期间主要气象因子,结果表明：1997、1999和2001年为丰产年份;1996、1998、2002和2004年为平产年份;2000、2003和2005年为歉产年份。分析方法切实可行,评价结论客观合理,为科学评价年度间的水稻气象产量提供了一条新的途径。     

单季稻“甬优9号”病虫发生特点与防治技术研究

调查结果表明：与本地单季稻当家品种两优培九相比,甬优9号病虫发生有如下特点：①移栽期较迟避过了1代二化螟的为害,因此1代﹑2代螟虫为害较轻,但由于甬优9号生育期较长,穗期3代螟虫虫伤株为害相对较重。②稻纵卷叶螟发生前期四（2）代发生轻于两优培九,中期五（3）代发生重于籼型两优培九。③稻飞虱发生前中期四（2）﹑五（3）代白背飞虱和五（3）代褐稻虱发生较轻,同时茎秆粗壮,耐害性较好,后期六（4）代褐稻虱的发生重于两优培九,由于成熟期较迟还增加了10月份七（5）代的发生为害。④易感稻曲病。针对甬优9号病虫发生特点,在防治策略上调整如下：①放宽甬优9号营养生长阶段的防治指标,发挥甬优9号耐害性强的优点,减少病虫防治次数,保护和利用天敌的生态调控能力。②根据破口期天气情况,做好稻曲病等穗期病害的预防。③抓好穗期3代螟虫﹑褐稻虱的防治,确保丰收。     

菠萝变温压差膨化干燥前后的理化性质分析

利用变温压差果蔬膨化干燥技术,对菠萝处理前后的理化性质进行了对比分析。结果表明,变温压差膨化干燥处理前后的菠萝脆片,其理化性质发生了变化。膨化产品的硬度、脆度变大,糖浸渍处理对菠萝脆片的护色作用明显,但对膨化产品的微观结构影响不大。     

啤酒花CO_2萃余物中总黄酮的提取纯化工艺研究

研究了啤酒花CO2萃余物中总黄酮的提取纯化工艺。采用单因素试验确定乙醇体积分数、提取时间、提取温度和料液比对提取效果的影响;通过正交试验,得到最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数为60%,料液比为1∶30,温度为70℃,提取时间为90 min,在该提取条件下总黄酮质量分数为62.7 mg/g;经饱和的水正丁醇溶液萃取,可得到纯度为20.3%的黄酮提取物;经聚酰胺树脂分离纯化,可得到总黄酮纯度为62.2%的提取物。     

大流量电液控制阀设计与试验

设计了一种大流量电液控制阀,采用压差反馈取代常用的位移反馈,为二级阀闭环提供了一种新方法并降低了成本;采用椭圆油口降低了阀芯长度与质量,有利于提高系统频响。建立了电液控制阀系统的数学模型并进行了仿真分析,结果表明采用矩形窗口与三角形窗口组合的复合节流窗口的设计可同时满足大流量时的快速性与小流量时的稳定性要求,电液控制阀最大流量为417 L/min,在±50%输入信号下频响为73 Hz。研制了试验样机并成功应用于液压软管脉冲试验系统,系统在不同负载下的水锤波响应进一步验证了所设计大流量电液控制阀应用的广泛性。