Propanil and swep inhibit 4-coumarate:CoA ligase activity in vitro

4-Coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL, EC 6.2.1.12) in the phenylpropanoid pathway in plants has attracted interest as a novel target for developing effective plant growth inhibitors (PGIs). In a previous study in which the 4CL inhibitory activity of 28 existing herbicides was investigated using an optimized in vitro screening assay, 4CL activity was found to be strongly inhibited by propanil and swep at 100 microM. Here, further experimental evidence is provided to substantiate the previous result. Using 4-coumaric acid as substrate, tobacco 4CL activity was inhibited by propanil or swep in a concentration-dependent manner, with 50% inhibition concentrations (I(50)) of 39.6 and 6 microM respectively. These herbicides also exhibited uncompetitive inhibition towards 4-coumaric acid. Furthermore, 4CLs from several plant species were inhibited by the herbicides within a range from 1 to 50 microM. It is proposed that these herbicides have another site of action as a result of the inhibition of 4CL in the phenylpropanoid pathway, and this enzyme represents a new target site for the development of PGI.     

Porcine circovirus type 2 decreases the infection and replication of attenuated classical swine fever virus in porcine alveolar macrophages

Recently, it has been noted that porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection adversely affects the protective efficacy of Lapinized Philippines Coronel (LPC) vaccine, an attenuated strain of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), in pigs. In order to investigate the possible mechanisms of the PCV2-derived interference, an in vitro model was established to study the interaction of LPC virus (LPCV) and PCV2 in porcine alveolar macrophages (AMs). The results showed that PCV2 reduced the LPCV infection in AMs and the levels of PCV2-derived interference were dose-dependent. The PCV2-derived interference also reduced the replication level of LPCV in AMs. The full-length PCV2 DNA and its fragment DNA C9 CpG-ODN were involved in the reduction of LPCV infection in AMs, whereas UV-inactivated PCV2 was not. In addition, a moderate negative correlation between the LPCV antigen-containing rate and IFN-γ production was observed, and had a dose-dependent trend with the level of PCV2-inoculation. The results of the present study may partially explain how PCV2 infection interferes with the efficacy of LPC vaccine.     

Advances in the Research and Application of Artificial Insemination to Equids in China: 1935–2012

China was one of the first countries to use artificial insemination (AI) in equids, and it achieved international recognition for its widespread application of AI to commercial horse breeding. This article reviews the history of equine AI in China. The technique originated from the high demand for horses to be used in agriculture, transportation, and the military. Artificial insemination was identified as an ideal tool for Chinese horse breeding to improve the productivity of native horses, especially during 1950-1970. Presently, AI is still practiced commonly in China, and it includes the use of fresh semen and transported cooled semen. The use of frozen semen has also been resumed to broaden the range of elite Sporthorse stallions and to preserve threatened or endangered native breeds. Accurate prediction of the optimum time for insemination depended mainly on transrectal palpation of the mare's ovaries. In addition to controlled methods of insemination, factors like volume and number of spermatozoa in the inseminate and timing and frequency of insemination were optimized to accomplish high fertility rates in the field. Production of hinnies and mules for agricultural labor and donkeys for meat and hide gelatin stimulated a nationwide upsurge of research into the reproductive physiology of and AI technology in donkeys. In the future, there will be further increases in the use of traditional and modern AI techniques in the breeding of Chinese equids.     

一例犬附红细胞体的诊治

犬附红细胞体病是由犬附红细胞体引起的一种以黄疸和贫血为主要特征的人畜共患传染病.该病流行范围广泛,对犬只危害严重.本文主要阐述了1例犬附红细胞体病的诊断过程,并提出一些相关的防治措施,以期为宠物临床上相关病例的诊治提供借鉴.     

Soil acidification induced by intensive agricultural use depending on climate

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Soil acidification is a major issue in agricultural ecosystems. However, how agricultural land uses shape the soil pH pattern and affect soil acidification on a...     

兽医硕士专业学位研究生开展重大动物疫情防控应急处置模拟演练的探索与体会

为适应当前重大动物疫情防控工作需要,探索应用型、复合型兽医硕士专业学位研究生人才培养方式,更好适应快速发展的畜牧业对重大动物疫情防控提出的新要求。2021年,对全日制兽医硕士专业学位研究生开展了重大动物疫情防控应急处置模拟演练。以假定校实验教学基地养猪场发生非洲猪瘟为案例,研究生根据各自承担的角色,模拟实景场地开展重大动物疫情防控应急处置模拟演练。通过模拟场景实地演练,研究生掌握了重大动物疫情处置基本流程,提高了重大动物疫情应急处置能力,模拟演练取得满意效果。本文为全日制兽医硕士专业学位研究生实践能力培养提供了参考。     

不同砧木伏令夏橙对土壤pH值的适应性

本试验研究了紫色土pH值对枳砧、红桔砧和香橙砧伏令夏橙吸收Fe、叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶活性以及植株生长的影响。结果表明,香橙砧最耐碱;红桔砧其次;枳砧最不耐碱;而耐酸性无大差异。其最适pH依次为6.2、5.7、5.7,pH8时的生长量相当最适pH时的84、50、38％。香橙很有希望在四川作pH>6.5的紫色土柑桔园的砧木。pH4时的生长量依次相当最适pH时的74、71、67％,枳仍是酸性土壤的最优砧木。     

黑皮质素4型受体在绵羊下丘脑区域的定位

黑皮质素4型受体(melanocortin 4 receptor,MC4R)作为下丘脑参与能量调控过程中的关键性受体,在动物能量代谢调节中被广泛关注。目前,关于该受体在绵羊下丘脑中分布区域的相关报道较少。针对试验过程中MC4R免疫荧光结果不稳定,分布区域不明显的特点,本研究在改进现有MC4R免疫荧光试验方法基础上,对MC4R在绵羊下丘脑的分布区域进行了观察。结果显示,分别经过4%多聚甲醛长时间固定(6 d),Triton X-100(pH≈8.68)长时间通透(2 d),以及3%过氧化氢和0.2 mol/L甘氨酸+0.3%SDS+20%甲醇的预处理后,可以获得稳定且饱满的MC4R免疫荧光结果。MC4R主要分布在绵羊下丘脑的室旁核(arcuate nucleus,ARC)区域,但在弓状核区域并无类似分布。