蚯蚓粪对豇豆根际土壤生物学特征及微生物活性的影响

通过大田试验,研究CK（对照,不施肥）、CF（单施化肥）、VC（蚯蚓粪）和VC+CF（蚯蚓粪和化肥各提供50%的氮）处理对豇豆根际土壤微生物数量、微生物量碳、根系分级、根系分泌物、微生物呼吸及代谢熵的影响。结果表明：与CF处理相比,VC+CF处理显著增加了根际土壤微生物数量与微生物量碳,其中细菌数分别较CK,CF和VC处理增加124.13%,70.48%和17.83%。施用蚯蚓粪明显促进了豇豆根系的生长,尤其增加了毛细根的数量及在根体系中的比例。同时,VC+CF处理还显著提高了根际土壤中根系分泌物含量,并增强了土壤微生物呼吸作用,但降低了代谢熵,其中,土壤微生物呼吸分别比CK,CF和VC处理增加64.91%,36.23%和16.05%,而代谢熵分别下降10.85%,9.06%和5.32%。与VC+CF处理相比,VC处理对豇豆根际土壤微域的影响较小。综上,施用蚯蚓粪相比单施化肥能明显改善豇豆根际土壤的微生态环境,且能显著增强土壤微生物活性,尤以蚯蚓粪与化肥配施的效果更优。     

可调行距插秧机秧箱调节机构丝杠疲劳寿命预测

为预测可调行距高速水稻插秧机秧箱调节机构梯形丝杠的使用寿命,应用相关疲劳理论和方法,推导梯形丝杠螺纹牙的疲劳寿命计算公式。利用Adams软件和Ansys软件建立调节机构的刚柔耦合模型并仿真,得到梯形丝杠最大轴向载荷为53.8 N,并在Ansys软件中建立螺纹牙的有限元模型,通过静力学分析得出最大范·米塞斯应力为188 MPa,小于材料的屈服极限。以静力学分析结果为初始条件,利用Ansys/fe safe软件进行螺纹牙疲劳分析,得出梯形丝杠工作寿命为3 598 h,满足插秧机工作性能要求。     

中国规模生猪养殖效率测度及其区域差异性研究——基于DEA Malmquist指数方法

基于DEA Malmquist生产率指数法,利用2004-2012年中国15个生猪优势产区的投入产出数据,测度了中国规模化生猪养殖效率的变动情况,并对不同规模的生猪养殖效率进行差异化分析。研究结果表明,总体来看,中国规模化生猪养殖效率均呈现正向增长,其中,小规模养殖效率水平最高,中规模次之,大规模最低;从省际和区域层面看,不同省份不同区域在不同规模养殖下呈现出不同的养殖效率;从时序变化看,研究期内3种规模的养殖效率变化趋势几乎一致,整体呈“W”型。     

酸枣花器官结构、花粉形态及生活力比较研究

为了给酸枣花器官研究、花粉生活力的快速测定提供理论依据,笔者测定了不同的酸枣类型花器官结构、花粉形态及花粉萌发率和生活力的差异。结果表明：（1）不同的酸枣类型花序花朵数、花冠直径、蜜盘直径、雄蕊长度等方面都有不同程度的差异。花序花朵数一般在2~9个;单花雄蕊个数为5个;蜜盘颜色一般有淡黄色和黄绿色2种。（2）酸枣花粉比较小,通常在18.86~26.19 μm,以近球形为主,萌发孔以三孔沟居多。（3）不同的酸枣类型花粉的萌发率存在显著差异,其中酸枣4的萌发率最高,为32.54%;TTC法和I-KI法测定的花粉生活力显著高于离体培养法,测定值误差较大,故离体培养法更适合酸枣花粉生活力的测定。     

Occurrence of Grapevine Pinot gris virus in Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy): field monitoring and virus quantification by real‐time RT‐PCR

Since 2003 the presence of a new syndrome characterized by symptoms of stunting, chlorotic mottling, leaf deformation, reduced yields and quality has been reported in some white berry varieties of Vitis vinifera in Trentino‐Alto Adige and Friuli Venezia Giulia vineyards. The identification of a new virus, provisionally called Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV), in a cv. Pinot gris vine suggested an association between this new syndrome and the virus presence (Giampetruzzi et al., 2012), however the contemporary presence of GPGV in both symptomatic and asymptomatic plants has still to be explained. In this work, a large‐scale monitoring over a 3‐year period (2012–14) of Friuli Venezia Giulia vineyards and nurseries has shown a widespread presence of GPGV in symptomatic plants and also in asymptomatic vines, even if at a slightly lower percentage. Quantitative analyses of the virus titer revealed a great variability in the viral content of both symptomatic and asymptomatic plants but the mean GPGV quantity in symptomatic vines was significantly higher than in asymptomatic plants.     

The effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on digestion and mortality in the volcano rabbit(Romerolagus diazi)

An experiment was conducted to evaluate whether supplementation with a probiotic could enhance digestion and reduce mortality in the volcano rabbit in captivity. Two enclosures at Chapultepec Zoo, Mexico(114 individuals) were used in a crossover design(two periods of 60 days) with the following treatments: control group and supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae(2×108 CFU/exhibit/day). Supplementation with the probiotic negatively affected(P0.01) the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and energy. Mortality increased(P0.04) following supplementation with the probiotic(4.26% vs. 8.89%), primarily in the juvenile rabbits. The results indicate that yeast supplementation in the volcano rabbit negatively affects digestion and mortality in captivity.