水分胁迫对云锦杜鹃光合特性日变化的影响

以盆栽5年生云锦杜鹃苗木为材料,分对照、轻度胁迫、中度胁迫、重度胁迫4组,研究了土壤水分胁迫对云锦杜鹃叶片光合特性日变化的影响。结果表明:随着水分胁迫的加重,云锦杜鹃的光合日变化曲线由典型的双峰型逐渐转变为峰值很小的单峰型,峰值的降低在轻度水分胁迫下由气孔限制引起,而在中度和重度水分胁迫下则由非气孔限制引起。轻度、中度和重度水分胁迫对云锦杜鹃光合特性日变化的影响差异显著。经逐步多元回归得到了净光合速率日变化的回归方程。     

Relationships between soil and foliar nutrients in young densely planted mini-plots of Pinus radiata and Cupressus lusitanica

The long-term nature of forest crop rotations makes it difficult to determine impacts of forestry on soil nutrients that might be depleted by forest growth. We used small scale, highly stocked plots to compress the length of the rotation and rapidly induce nutrient depletion. In the study, two species (Pinus radiata D. Don and Cupressus lusitanica Miller) are compared under two disturbance regimes (soil undisturbed and compacted), and two fertiliser treatments (nil and plus fertiliser), applied in factorial combination at 33 sites, covering the range of climatic and edaphic variation found in plantation forests across New Zealand. To assess our ability to rapidly highlight important soil properties, foliar nutrient concentrations were determined 20 months after planting. It was hypothesised that the densely planted plots, even at a young age, would create sufficient pressure on nutrient resources to allow development of relationships between properties used as indicies of soil nutrient availability and foliar nutrient concentrations. For both species significant relationships between foliar nutrients and 0–10 cm layer soil properties from unfertilised plots were evident for N (total and mineralisable N) and P (total, acid extractable, organic, Bray-2 and Olsen P). With the exception of Ca in C. lusitanica, foliar K, Ca and Mg were correlated with their respective soil exchangeable cation measures. The results thus confirm the utility of the experimental approach and the relevance of the measured soil properties for forest productivity.

In unfertilised plots foliar N and P concentrations in P. radiata exceeded those in C. lusitanica, the differences being eliminated by fertiliser application. Foliar N/P ratios in P. radiata also exceeded those in C. lusitanica. In contrast to N and P, foliar K, Ca and Mg concentrations were all higher in C. lusitanica, the difference being particularly marked for Ca and Mg. P. radiata contained substantially higher concentrations of the metals Zn, Mn and Al than C. lusitanica, whereas the latter contained higher B concentrations. Possible reasons for differences between species in foliar nutrient concentrations are discussed.     

播州区糯玉米品种比较试验与播种期试验

2018年在播州区进行了6个糯玉米品种的比较试验和播期试验,结果表明,以真彩糯1号、农科玉336、金糯691产量较高;农科玉336、金糯691、金黔627综合食味评分较高;综合产量农科玉336、金糯691两个品种评分最高。     

香根草的特征特性及在水稻产区绿色防控中的栽培技术

香根草原产印度、非洲等热带地区,我国广东、海南等地也有零星分布。遵义市于2017年引进种植,自然条件下,一年生株高可达1.2m左右,二年生株高达1.8m左右;茎叶密集丛生,茎秆中空,直径0.4~0.7cm;叶片挺直,面狭长,呈剑形,叶缘光滑,叶宽0.5~0.8cm,二年生单叶长90~110cm;二年生每株分蘖25~30株。须根发达且密集,入土深度可达2m以上,无根状茎及匍匐茎,且在遵义不能开花结籽。在本地繁育通常采用分兜移栽繁殖及主茎扦插繁殖2种无性繁殖方式。介绍了在黔北稻作区绿色防控中的布局技术、生态岛建设技术、与显花植物搭配构建农田生态系统技术及栽培管理技术。     

Temperate zone coastal seascapes: seascape patterning and adjacent seagrass habitat shape the distribution of rocky reef fish assemblages

Landscape Ecology - Whilst the composition and arrangement of habitats within landscape mosaics are known to be important determinants of biodiversity patterns, the influence of seascape patterning...     

磁化处理的全尾砂料浆沉降参数优化模型

为了提高全尾砂料浆的脱水浓缩效果,将磁化处理技术引入到全尾砂料浆脱水浓缩中,并建立GA-SVM模型优选全尾砂料浆的沉降参数。建立支持向量机（SVM）沉降参数优化模型,以磁感应强度、磁化处理时间、料浆流速、料浆浓度、絮凝剂单耗为输入因子,沉降速度为综合输出因子,通过正交试验建立样本数据对SVM模型进行训练与检验,采用遗传算法（GA）对SVM模型参数进行优化,进而得到磁化全尾砂料浆沉降参数的GA-SVM优化模型。将GA-SVM模型运用到某铁矿磁化全尾砂料浆沉降参数优化中,得到的最佳沉降参数为磁感应强度0.192 T、磁化处理时间1.85 min、料浆速度1.92 m/s、PAC单耗28 g/t,沉降速度可达约155 cm/h。研究表明：适宜的磁化处理条件可提高全尾砂料浆的脱水浓缩效果,节约30.0%~42.5% PAC用量,GA-SVM模型对全尾砂料浆沉降参数预测结果相对误差在5%以内、预测精度高,为全尾砂料浆脱水浓缩及其参数优选提供了一种新思路。     

面向老龄化社会的户外环境植物景观与健康效益评价模型建构

为了促进国内基于健康视角下户外植物景观可量化评价机制的形成与完善,归纳总结了健康景观以及普通植物景观中广泛存在的对人身心健康有促进作用的因素——植物的健康效益。从植物景观对人身心健康的影响机制手,分析户外景观环境中健康性要素构成,深入探究植物景观与老年人身心健康的作用机理,并初步构建了基于植物健康效益的适老性户外植物景观评价指标体系。     

玉米辐射诱变后代M4选系配合力效应分析

以经60Coγ射线处理选育得到的M4代诱变系及其基础材料R08和48-2为被测系,与玉米骨干自交系不完全双列杂交,分析主要农艺经济性状的配合力效应。结果表明:基础材料经辐射诱变后各性状的配合力产生了不同程度的变化;R08的诱变系11和17与48-2的诱变系26和31,其产量性状一般配合力改良效果较好,是高产育种的良好材料,但株高和穗位高GCA偏大;48-2的诱变系23、25、28、29和30虽有利于缩短生育期、降低株高和穗位高,但产量性状GCA表现较差,有待进一步改良;诱变系24产量GCA表现一般,是缩短生育期、降低株高和穗位高的理想材料;其余诱变系各具特点,需在育种实践中有针对性地改良和利用。     

青蛤人工育苗中附着基的选择

试验在黄砂、海泥和不投附着基三种状态下,观察了青蛤幼虫在变态时期的附着量和成活率的变化,以及附着后稚贝的生长与成活情况。结果表明:海泥是青蛤工厂化育苗最适宜的附着基,然后在此基础上进行了不同厚度海泥对不同大小稚贝生长的影响试验。试验结果显示:不同厚度的海泥对稚贝生长的影响不明显。我们认为在生产中应选用1mm厚度的海泥做为青蛤育苗的附着基是最适宜的。     

丘陵区玉米农田水分响应指标的筛选及其相关性研究

在水分胁迫及其复水条件下,分别测定代表不同土层厚度的18个丘陵区农田的土壤、植株、群体水分参数,采用系统聚类方法分析农田尺度的土壤-作物-大气连续体的关系,研究水分胁迫与胁迫后复水的响应差异,并通过主成分分析筛选出茎流强度、土壤含水量、伤流、冠气温差作为综合反映农田水分响应的诊断指标。