河西走廊产区酒球菌酯酶活性对葡萄酒酯类香气物质的影响

试验以2株本土O.oeni GF-2、ZX-1和商业菌株VP41为供试菌株,在模拟酒中动态监测苹果酸-乳酸发酵过程中菌株的C2、C4、C6酯酶活性,分析比较不同初始pH值、乙醇浓度、SO2添加量和发酵温度对菌株产酶规律的影响;通过微酿试验探讨供试菌株对霞多丽干白葡萄酒香气品质的影响.结果表明,在不同pH值条件下,本土O...     

Saquayamycin B1 Suppresses Proliferation,Invasion, and Migration by Inhibiting PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Moromycin B (Mor B), saquayamycin B₁ (Saq B₁), saquayamycin B (Saq B), and landomycin N (Lan N), four angucyclines produced by the marine-derived actinomycete Streptomyces sp., are a class of polyketone compounds containing benzanthracene. Here, the structure–activity relationship of these four compounds was analyzed in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Saq B₁, which showed the strongest cytotoxicity with an IC₅₀ of 0.18–0.84 µM for CRC cells in MTT assays, was employed to test underlying mechanisms of action in SW480 and SW620 cells (two invasive CRC cell lines). Our results showed that Saq B₁ inhibited CRC cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Notably, lower cytotoxicity was measured in normal human hepatocyte cells (QSG-7701). Furthermore, we observed proapoptosis, antimigration, and anti-invasion activities of Saq B₁ in CRC cells. At the same time, the protein and mRNA expression of important markers related to the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis changed, including N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and Bcl-2, in Saq B₁-treated CRC cells. Surprisingly, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was shown to be involved in Saq B₁-induced apoptosis, and in inhibiting invasion and migration. Computer docking models also suggested that Saq B₁ might bind to PI3Kα. Collectively, these results indicate that Saq B₁ effectively inhibited growth and decreased the motor ability of CRC cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which provides more possibilities for the development of drugs in the treatment of CRC.     

小肽的功能及其在仔猪生产中的应用

小肽是蛋白质在猪消化道内降解的一种中间产物,具有重要的作用。本文就小肽的分类和吸收机制、小肽的功能及在仔猪生产中的应用作一综述,并提出了未来相关的研究方向。     

Effect of distribution and concentration of topically applied neonicotinoid insecticides in buffalograss,Buchloe dactyloides,leaf tissues on the differential mortality of Blissus occiduus under field conditions

BACKGROUND: Neonicotinoid insecticides are generally efficacious against many turfgrass pests, including several important phloem‐feeding insects. However, inconsistencies in control of western chinch bugs, Blissus occiduus, have been documented in field efficacy studies. This research investigated the efficacy of three neonicotinoid insecticides (clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam) against B. occiduus in buffalograss under field conditions and detected statistically significant differences in B. occiduus numbers among treatments. A subsequent study documented the relative quantity and degradation rate of these insecticides in buffalograss systemic leaf tissues, using HPLC. RESULTS: Neonicotinoid insecticides initially provided significant reductions in B. occiduus numbers, but mortality diminished over the course of the field studies. Furthermore, while all three neonicotinoids were present in the assayed buffalograss leaf tissues, imidacloprid concentrations were significantly higher than those of clothianidin and thiamethoxam. Over the course of the 28 day study, thiamethoxam concentrations declined 700‐fold, whereas imidacloprid and clothianidin declined only 70‐fold and 60‐fold respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Field studies continued to verify inconsistencies in B. occiduus control with neonicotinoid insecticides. This is the first study to document the relative concentrations of topically applied neonicotinoid insecticides in buffalograss systemic leaf tissues. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

拮抗茄子黄萎病菌土壤放线菌的分离筛选和鉴定

为了研究土壤拮抗性放线菌对茄子黄萎病的生防价值,从陕西省延安市宝塔区与汉中地区土壤中分离、纯化获得154株具有纤维素降解活性的放线菌。采用平板对峙培养法进行初筛,用生长速率法对抑菌效果较好的菌株ZX-10-4进行抑菌谱的测定,并进行盆栽试验验证其对茄子黄萎病的防治效果,通过形态、培养特征及16S rDNA序列分析研究其分类地位。结果显示,有17株放线菌对茄子黄萎病菌抑菌效果较好且抑菌活性稳定,其中菌株ZX-10-4的抑菌活性最高,抑菌率达90.15%;活性菌株ZX-10-4发酵原液对茄子黄萎病的保护和治疗作用分别为70.00%和60.33%,稀释5倍液的防效也在50%以上。根据形态、培养特征、生理生化指标和16S rDNA序列分析,初步确定菌株ZX-10-4为白网链霉菌Streptomyces albireticuli的近似种。     

一些拟青霉菌株对小菜蛾致病性的初步研究

研究了29株拟青霉和1株白僵菌对小菜蛾的致病性。结果表明不同菌株对小菜蛾的致病性有明显差异,其中玫烟色拟青霉,环链拟青霉和球孢白僵菌对小菜蛾感染致死效果最好。另外,分离自虫体的拟青霉菌株对小菜蛾具有较好的致病性,而来自土壤的菌株对小菜蛾无致病性或仅具微弱致病性。环链拟青霉对小菜蛾的致病性与产孢量存在一定的相关性,与地理来源无明显相关性。     

小麦诱导抗性基因TaWIR1b的克隆及表达分析

全蚀病是小麦上一种重要的土传病害。选育和种植抗病品种是防治小麦全蚀病的根本途径,抗病基因研究是抗病育种的基础性工作。根据基因TaWIR1b(Accession no.M94959.1)的全长序列设计引物扩增‘新农19’的cDNA,获得了完整ORF,编码85个氨基酸残基,比对后发现与TaWIR1b序列同源性达100%。根据获得的TaWIR1b基因全长序列设计定量引物,分析TaWIR1b在全蚀菌胁迫条件下不同互作模式的表达特征。结果表明接种全蚀病菌后抗病小麦品种‘新农19’中TaWIR1b基因被诱导表达,接菌后3d达到峰值143.97,感病品种‘新麦19’中峰值出现在接菌后8d,表达量仅为对照的4.22倍,提示该基因可能参与小麦对全蚀病的抗病过程。     

小麦抗源武汉2号和品冬34的抗条锈性遗传分析

为明确小麦品种武汉2号和品冬34对小麦条锈菌流行小种的抗病性及抗病遗传规律,用小麦条锈菌生理小种CYR29、CYR31、CYR32、CYR33以及致病类型Su11-4、Su11-5、Su11-11、PST-Ch42在苗期接种小麦品种武汉2号和品冬34进行抗病性鉴定,并用武汉2号和品冬34分别与感病亲本铭贤169进行杂交,对F₂群体和F_2：3家系在温室进行苗期遗传分析。结果表明：武汉2号对CYR29和CYR32表现感病,对其它小种和致病型均表现抗病,且对CYR31的抗性由1对隐性基因控制;品冬34对所测试的小种和致病类型均表现高抗,且对CYR32的抗性由1对显性基因控制。     

5种种衣剂防治小麦主要土传病害研究

研究了5种种衣剂对小麦土传病害纹枯病、全蚀病和根腐病的防治效果。结果表明,230g/L吡虫啉·苯醚·咯悬浮种衣剂综合防治效果优于其他药剂处理,对小麦纹枯病的防治效果为73.51%～95.05%,对小麦全蚀病的防治效果为73.01%～87.41%,对小麦根腐病的防治效果为65.51%～92. 09%。按药效其次依次是60g/L戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂、30g/L苯醚甲环唑悬浮种衣剂、25g/L咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂、15%多·福悬浮种衣剂。随着小麦的生长,各处理的防效逐渐降低,但直到枯白穗期还有一定防治效果。同时230g/L吡虫啉·苯醚·咯悬浮种衣剂对小麦增产作用明显。