果园土壤水分数字化的研究

为实现果园土壤水分信息的长期可靠获取,使用超低功耗控制器MSP430F1222和微功耗无线射频收发芯片nRF905构成监测系统的无线传感器节点.同时,引入无线传感器网络的概念来适应果园面积广阔的特殊性和传感器配置灵活的要求.接收终端配备铁电非易失性RAM、液晶屏和按键,方便存储、查阅数据和参数设定.经过人工配土测试和果园现场运行,结果表明监测系统湿度的精度误差小于3%,且结构简单、功耗低、运行可靠,满足果园土壤水分监测的要求.     

粪便移植技术的应用研究

本文综述了粪便移植技术的的概念、由来、研究与进展、作用机理,展望了该技术在兽医上的应用前景,指出其在治疗动物营养代谢疾病、改善机体免疫力低下、增强屏障保护功能、调整机体能量平衡、治疗肥胖和II型糖尿病等方面的应用价值,旨在推广粪便移植疗法在兽医临床上应用。     

紫花苜蓿根系主要功能性状对分根区交替灌溉的响应

分根区交替灌溉是一种具有节水潜力的灌溉方式,为了揭示紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)根系对分根区交替灌溉的响应,在甘肃武威绿洲农业高效用水国家野外科学观测研究站设置3种占田间持水量(Field capacity, FC)不同比例的灌水梯度(T1:80%～100%FC,T2:60%～80%FC,T3:40%～60%FC)去开展分根区交替灌溉与不分根区灌溉的对比试验。结果表明：分根区交替灌溉在80%～100%FC灌水量时,根颈直径小于不分根区灌溉,60%～80%FC和40%～60%FC灌水量时,根颈直径大于不分根区灌溉。分根区交替灌溉的根系分支多于不分根区灌溉,但根平均直径小于不分根区灌溉。两种灌溉方式下紫花苜蓿地上部和地下部的生物量均随着灌水量梯度的下降而下降。同一灌水梯度下,不分根区灌溉的地下和地上生物量均高于分根区交替灌溉。上述结果说明紫花苜蓿采用分根区交替灌溉方式对根系生长发育具有重要影响。     

山麻雀命名的考证

山麻雀是一种广布的小型鸣禽,拉丁学名通常为Passer rutilans (Temminck).经作者考证,该种名发表于1836年12月31日,但在此之前,Gould已于1836年4月8日发表了该种并命名为Passer cinnamomeus.因此,根据动物命名法中的优先原则,该种应称作Passer cinnamomeus (Gould,1836).其公认的3个亚种也应分别称作P.cinamomeus rutilans (Temminck,1836),P.cinnamomeus intensior Rothschild,1922及P.cinnamomeus cinnamomeus (Gould,1836).     

Pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in hemolymph from the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis

Feng, Q., Wu, G. H., Liang, T. M., Ji, H. Y., Jiang, X. J., Gu, W., Wang, W. Pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in hemolymph from the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 34 , 51–57. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hemolymph kinetics and depuration time of oxytetracycline following intramuscular administration at doses of 2, 8 and 40 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The concentration of OTC in hemolymph was assayed using solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography. The elimination half‐life of the terminal part of the elimination phase (t_1/2β) ranged from 87.9 to 114.3 h. The total body clearance (CL_b) was 0.0430 L/kg/h at the lower dose, 0.0123 L/kg/h at the medium dose and 0.0013 L/kg/h at the higher dose. The apparent volume of the central compartment (V_c) was found to be 1.383, 0.699 and 0.143 L/kg respectively. The depuration time for each dose was 13.6, 29.6 and 57.6 days, respectively. Results from the present study suggest that the 40 mg/kg dose might have the best therapeutic efficacy following intramuscular administration.     

北京市马属动物赛事监管制度的建立

通过对近年来重大马术活动的监管,结合《北京市动物防疫条例》的实施,北京市逐步形成马属动物展览演出比赛的“赛事报告、报检报验、档案记录、防疫条件审查、隔离观察、赛中监管、应急预备和宣传告知”八大监管制度,确保了北京市马属动物无疫安全。     

The stratum corneum: the rampart of the mammalian body

Background –  The stratum corneum (SC) is the outermost region of the epidermis and plays key roles in cutaneous barrier function in mammals. The SC is composed of ‘bricks’, represented by flattened, protein‐enriched corneocytes, and ‘mortar’, represented by intercellular lipid‐enriched layers. As a result of this ‘bricks and mortar’ structure, the SC can be considered as a ‘rampart’ that encloses water and solutes essential for physiological homeostasis and that protects mammals from physical, chemical and biological assaults. Structures and functions –  The corneocyte cytoskeleton contains tight bundles of keratin intermediate filaments aggregated with filaggrin monomers, which are subsequently degraded into natural moisturizing compounds by various proteases, including caspase 14. A cornified cell envelope is formed on the inner surface of the corneocyte plasma membrane by transglutaminase‐catalysed cross‐linking of involucrin and loricrin. Ceramides form a lipid envelope by covalently binding to the cornified cell envelope, and extracellular lamellar lipids play an important role in permeability barrier function. Corneodesmosomes are the main adhesive structures in the SC and are degraded by certain serine proteases, such as kallikreins, during desquamation. Clinical relevance –  The roles of the different SC components, including the structural proteins in corneocytes, extracellular lipids and some proteins associated with lipid metabolism, have been investigated in genetically engineered mice and in naturally occurring hereditary skin diseases, such as ichthyosis, ichthyosis syndrome and atopic dermatitis in humans, cattle and dogs.     

草地与人类文明

人类起源于林缘草地 ,人类与草地的关系经历了正 (肯定 )—反 (否定 )—合 (肯定 )的辩证发展。草坪是人类文明的产物 ,提供人们休憩娱乐的场所 ,改善人类的生存环境 ,促进体育事业的发展。草坪质量追求长、快、好、省 ,建植过程中要抓好坪床工程、草种选择等关键技术环节 ,具有良好的管理系统。草业、草坪业 ,是方兴未艾的产业 ,不仅本身产生巨大的社会效益、生态效益和经济效益 ,而且能够带动一系列相关产业的发展 ,具有广阔的发展前景。建议加强草业的科学教育建设 ,以满足即将出现的草业、草坪业建设高潮的到来 ,同时规范草业市场 ,引导其健康发展     

从日粮中获得更多的能量

猪的内源性酶可以帮助其从传统的玉米-豆粕型生长-育肥期日粮中获取大部分能量。然而,研究表明,日粮中添加新型复合酶制剂能使日粮能量被更多地用于生长,因而可提高饲料的利用效率。