Interface behavior of quaternized chitosan on cellulosic substrates

Quaternized chitosan (QCS) was prepared and its interface behavior on cellulosic substrates was investigated. FT-IR result indicated that quaternary ammonium groups were connected to -NH₂ in chitosan, and the highest degree of substitution (DS) of QCS was 80.0 %. The adsorption behavior of QCS was well performed on cellulosic substrates. The initial critical concentrations of QCS were between 10 mg/l and 20 mg/l, which were related to its DS and the weight average molecular weight (M _w ): the critical concentration decreased with the increasing DS of QCS, and the concentration increased when M _w increased. The results from SEM and particle size revealed that the flocculation took place mainly because the electrostatic interaction between cellulosic substrates and QCS, which can be accelerated by forming a charge patch. At last, QCS displayed high efficiency as a retention and drainage-aid agent through a Schopper-Riegler beating degrees tester.     

Predictive Modeling for Growth and Enterotoxin Production of Staphylococcus aureus in Milk

Predictive microbiology was utilized to model Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) growth and staphylococcal enterotoxin A(SEA) production in milk in this study. The modified logistic model, modified Gompertz model and Baranyi model were applied to model growth data of S. aureus between 15℃ and 37℃. Model comparisons indicated that Baranyi model described the growth data more accurately than two others with a mean square error of 0.0129. Growth rates generated from Baranyi model matched the observed ones with a bias factor of 0.999 and an accuracy factor of 1.01, and fit a square root model with respect to temperature; other two modified models both overestimated the observed ones. SEA amount began to be detected when the cell number reached 10~(6.4) cfu · mL~(-1), and showed the linear correlation with time. Besides, the rate of SEA production fitted an exponential relationship as a function of temperature. Predictions based on the study could be applied to indicate possible growth of S. aureus and prevent the occurrence of staphylococcal food poisoning.     

干旱胁迫对野生和栽培大豆根系特征及生理指标的影响

以4份野生大豆(永5、永26、永46、永52)和4份栽培大豆(中黄13、冀豆12、秦皇10、秦皇29)为材料,用不同浓度(0%,10%,20%,30%)PEG6000模拟水分胁迫,探讨干旱胁迫对野生和栽培大豆幼苗根系特征和生理指标的影响.结果表明:随着干旱胁迫的增加,不同大豆材料的根系特性存在显著差异,大豆抗旱性与总根长、总根表面积、总根体积呈正相关,与平均根直径呈负相关;隶属函数综合评定结果表明4份野生大豆的抗旱性均强于栽培大豆,其中栽培大豆中黄13抗旱性最差.干旱胁迫下,野生大豆、栽培大豆的叶片相对含水量呈下降趋势,丙二醛含量均比0%PEG6000有所增加,但不同材料间叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的表现趋势不同,说明野生大豆和栽培大豆的抗旱生理指标存在一定的差异.     

东北黑土有机质和酶活性与土壤肥力的关系

在前人和我们以往工作的基础上,我们认为,研究土壤肥力,既要考虑“体质”(指比较综合地、全面地反映土壤肥力的基础物质的组成与特征),又要考虑“土体”(指耕层及其连接部分),才能找到接近实际的肥力指标。本项研究试图探索东北黑土中有机质和酶活性与土壤肥力的关系。     

宁南干旱山区春小麦氮、磷施肥模式研究

该用二次饱和Ｄ最优设计，研究了试区３种不同立地农田生态系统春小麦Ｎ、Ｐ施肥效应方程，建立起不同适宜性的施肥数学模型，分析研究了Ｎ、Ｐ肥的主效应和交互效应，计算出不同农田的最佳施肥量，以低位梯田为例，计算出不同产量下Ｎ、Ｐ肥的用量及最适配比。     

玉米不同生育期不同施氮量试验效果初报

针对百色市玉米氮肥施用不够合理,氮肥利用率偏低的问题,进行玉米不同生育期施用不同用量氮肥试验研究,考察施肥比例与产量的关系。试验设苗肥与穗肥施氮量比例分别为A(7:3)、B(6:4)、C(5:5)、D(4:6)、E(3:7)、CK(10:0)共6个处理。结果表明,处理B产量最高,即苗肥与穗肥施氮量比例为6:4产量最高,适宜百色市推广。     

自压喷灌系统管道减压的研究

本文对自压喷灌系统的合理减压方式和布置形式进行了分析。用递推法导出确定减压池级数及位置的计算公式。根据减压池的工况分析,探讨了减压池调节容积的计算方法。本文为自压喷灌系统的减压设计提供了方法和依据。     

玉米大斑病菌Helminthosporium turcicum致病毒素产生的条件及其特性

本试验对玉米大斑菌致病毒素(Ht—毒素)的产毒条件和毒素的一些特性进行了初步研究。结果表明,玉米大斑菌在25℃黑暗条件下用液体静止培养20d所得的毒素作用最强,在固体培养基质中,以粉碎的玉米碎粒最有利于Ht—毒素的产生(每百克玉米粒可获得Ht—粗毒素1.65g),其次是高粱粒和大米粒。Ht—毒素对热稳定,经煮沸和加热浓缩不会降低其生物活性而且活性还有升高的趋势,但是这种毒素对光却极不稳定,尤其是日光照射后,活性丧失很快。在pH3.0—4.5的偏致性条件下,Ht—毒素可保持活性达20d 以上,而以后随pH 值的升高,活性迅速丧失。     

晋南夏播花生田2种除草剂药效试验

为了明确88%乙草胺EC和15%精喹禾灵EC两种除草剂在晋南夏播花生田对杂草的防除效果,进行了除草剂在花生播后苗前土壤处理和苗后茎叶喷施试验。结果表明：15%精喹禾灵EC药剂选用450 g/hm2剂量,88%乙草胺EC选用1500 g/hm2可达到理想的防除效果。结果为合理利用除草剂提供科学依据。     

火地塘林区油松林的群落类型及结构特征的研究

通过Noy－Meir分离法和PCA排序分析，把火地塘林区油松天然林的优势灌木划分为照山白、绿叶胡枝子、粉背黄栌、华北绣线菊等4个生态种组；据此将油松群系划分为3个群丛组。绿叶胡枝子—油松林和黄栌—油松林这两个群丛组多为单层同世代异龄林，其演替趋向为松栎混交林；照山白十六道木—油松林群丛组为复层多世代异龄林，是相对稳定的以油松为优势的群落。