多花木兰人工生态恢复植物群落种群竞争及其生态位研究

为了掌握常吉高速公路边坡多花木兰人工生态恢复植物群落的种间竞争和生态位等生长状况,运用Hegyi的单木竞争指数模型、Shannon-Wiener公式和Shoener公式对多花木兰人工植物群落的种内与种间竞争强度、生态位宽度与生态位重叠进行研究。结果表明：多花木兰种内竞争能力与个体的地径径级成正比,多花木兰竞争能力大于刺槐、小叶女贞,原有配置的马尾松等植物已经死亡;群落各种群生态位宽度的大小顺序为：多花木兰>刺槐>小叶女贞,分别为2.271、2.147、2.088;群落各种群的生态位重叠值较大,多花木兰和刺槐的生态位重叠值最大,为0.793,多花木兰和小叶女贞生态位重叠值最小,为0.632。多花木兰能够很好地适应高速公路边坡环境,群落中已经被淘汰的其他竞争力太弱的树种不适合与多花木兰混植。     

北京东灵山亚高山草甸土壤系统分类研究

为了解北京东灵山亚高山草甸土壤的状况,在东灵山山麓草甸选取了3个剖面,在土壤样品理化性质分析的基础上,按照中国土壤系统分类第3版中的方法,对样区内土壤进行分类。结果表明,样区内的土壤类型主要为暗厚干润均腐土,暗沃干润雏形土2个土类,并进一步划分为普通暗厚干润均腐土,普通暗沃干润雏形土2个亚类,由此说明,东灵山亚高山草甸土壤具有山地草甸土壤典型特质,即腐殖质表层积累丰富,但底层含量较少,易于受自然与人为因素流失。     

断根与外源细胞分裂素诱导去叶黑麦草耐牧性的研究

为了研究牧草的持续再生性机制,通过盆栽试验,从黑麦草多次去叶后根系对叶片生长的影响方面,设4个处理：（1）不断根未喷施细胞分裂素,（2）断根未喷施细胞分裂素,（3）不断根喷施细胞分裂素,（4）断根喷施细胞分裂素。结果表明：断根和多次去叶均能降低新生叶片和根系的生物量。多次去叶能引起叶中的赤霉素和脱落酸含量的升高,生长素含量以及玉米素核苷(ZR)含量的降低。多次去叶条件下,喷施外源细胞分裂素能促进叶片中ZR含量及其生物量的增加。相关性分析表明,多次去叶条件下叶中ZR含量与其生物量呈显著性的正相关关系。总之,多次去叶条件下新生叶片中的细胞分裂素含量是影响去叶黑麦草持续再生性的关键因素。     

利用比较基因组学开发山羊草属InDel分子标记

为开发和利用小麦野生近缘种的有益基因, 采用比较基因组学方法, 通过拟斯卑尔脱山羊草EST(expressed sequence tag)与小麦UniGene序列的比对分析, 发现山羊草插入/缺失(InDel)位点137个, 在这些位点两端序列设计引物24对, 通过在15个小麦野生近缘属种基因组DNA的扩增分析, 发现11对引物具多态性, 可以作为InDel标记。这些包含突变位点的基因涉及亚细胞定位、蛋白质结合与催化以及代谢等过程。     

枸杞在食品加工中的应用

枸杞营养成分非常丰富,具有多种经济性状,在食品加工中应用空间极大。介绍了以枸杞叶、枸杞果实、枸杞籽及枸杞提取物为原料的枸杞加工制品,旨在说明枸杞在食品加工中的应用前景。     

Study on the relationship between genetic variation of DNA methylation and heterosis in soybean leaves

In order to well understand the molecular basis of heterosis in soybean, the methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) method based on capillary electrophoresis was used to estimate levels and patterns of cytosine methylation in 15-day post-emergence leaves of four parental lines [Jilin 47 (no. 19), EXP (no. 12), Jilin 38 (no. 3) and Yi 3 (no. 6)] and 12 hybrids [Jilin 38 × Yi 3(3 × ?6), Jilin 38 × ?EXP(3 × ?12), Jilin 38 × ?Jilin 47(3 × ?19), Yi 3 × ?Jilin 38(6 × ?3), Yi 3 × ?EXP(6 × ?12), Yi 3 × ?Jilin 47(6 × ?19), EXP × Jilin 38(12 ×?3), EXP × Yi 3(12 × ?6), EXP × ?Jilin 47(12 × ?19), Jilin 47 × ?Jilin 38(19 × ?3), Jilin 47 × Yi 3(19 × 6), Jilin 47 × EXP(19 × 12)]. In addition, 12 traits of the hybrids and their parents were also analyzed to understand the relationship between DNA methylation variation and heterosis. MSAP results showed that the total relative methylation level of all hybrids was lower than the corresponding middle parent value, indicating that the methylation degree was decreasing. And may express a variety of genes related to the phenotypic variation of hybridization. Moreover, the hemi-methylation levels of Jilin 38 × Jilin 47 and Yi 3 × Jilin 47 hybrids and full-methylation levels of EXP × Yi 3 and EXP × Jilin 47 hybrids was significant higher than the corresponding mid-parent values. In addition, the heredity of methylation from parents in hybrids is more than the variations, in which there were four types appeared great higher: A1, B4, B8, and D2. Furthermore, the results of relationship between genetic variation in DNA methylation and heterosis showed that the hypo-methylation had a promoting effect to increase node number, and the hype-methylation of hybrids was helpful to add to stem thick. Our results may provide new insights into well understanding the molecular mechanisms of heterosis at the epigenetic level in soybean.     

微生物利用农业有机废物发酵产乳酸的研究进展

为了降低乳酸发酵成本,减少环境污染,提高乳酸发酵的工业适应性,以农业有机废物等可再生资源为原料,微生物发酵方法生产乳酸克服了传统方法的弊端,得到广泛的应用。在介绍发酵产乳酸的微生物类群及代谢途径基础上,系统论述了微生物利用农业有机废物发酵产乳酸的研究进展,并介绍了乳酸的发酵、提取和纯化工艺。最后,从开发微生物种质资源、优化发酵和提纯工艺、扩大资源利用3个层面,展望了微生物利用农业有机废物发酵产乳酸的前景。     

数控温室下红花槭的嫩枝扦插技术

红花槭为不易扦插成活的树种,其扦插对环境、插穗的木质化程度等条件要求较高。该研究利用温室自动化控制系统,通过温室环境信息与温室决策控制系统的嵌合,实现对空气湿度、温度、光照强度的控制,以提高红花槭的嫩枝扦插成活率。结果表明,红花槭的扦插深度以5 cm生根效果最好。8月下旬,红花槭插穗生根率最高,达82.3%,5月次之。生根效果以基质含水量为65%、80%的处理最高,扦插后期,应适当降低基质水分。红花槭嫩枝以100 mg/LABT1#或200 mg/LNAA浸泡6 h为最佳。试验结果可以直接指导红花槭温室规模化生产。     

Ranking Authors and Institutions by Publications in Regional Science Journals: 2010–2014

In this paper, authors and institutions are ranked based on the number of publications in 10 core regional science journals during the period 2010–2014. Alternative rankings are constructed by considering only publications in the top four of the 10 journals and also by adjusting for journal impact factors. Two impact factors are calculated for each regional science journal. The first is based on citations by the other nine core regional science journals, and the second by citations from all journals in the database Scopus. Discussion is included regarding the patterns and consistency of the rankings across alternative criteria. Comparisons also are made to previous regional science publication rankings of authors and institutions.     

中国农村集体土地所有权的缺陷与完善

随着社会的发展,我国农村集体土地所有权已不适应生产力的发展要求,它的改革已经成为目前学术界关注的热点。本文试图从农村集体土地所有权的主体、客体、权能以及管理的现状,分析我国现行农村土地所有权存在的问题,并同时提出自己的一些完善见解和建议,以期能对完善我国集体土地所有权制度有所助益。