Computationally Assisted Structural Elucidation of Cembranoids from the Soft Coral Sarcophyton tortuosum

A persistent study on soft coral Sarcophyton tortuosum resulted in the characterization of two new cembranolides, tortuolides A and B (1 and 2), and a new related diterpene, epi-sarcophytonolide Q. Their structures were determined not only by extensive spectroscopic analysis but also by DFT calculations of ECD and NMR data, the latter of which was combined with statistical analysis methods, e.g., DP4+ and J-DP4 approaches. Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activities were evaluated in this study.     

Taxonomic and Bioactivity Characterizations of Mameliella alba Strain LZ-28 Isolated from Highly Toxic Marine Dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella LZT09

Microalgae host varied microbial consortium harboring cross-kingdom interactions with fundamental ecological significance in aquatic ecosystems. Revealing the complex biofunctions of the cultivable bacteria of phycosphere microbiota is one vital basis for deeply understanding the mechanisms governing these dynamic associations. In this study, a new light-yellow pigmented bacterial strain LZ-28 was isolated from the highly-toxic and harmful algal bloom-forming dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella LZT09. Collective phenotypic and genotypic profiles were obtained to confidently identify this strain as a new Mameliella alba member. Comparative genomic analysis showed that strain LZ-28 shared highly similar functional features with other four marine algae-derived M. alba strains in spite of their distinctive isolation sources. Based on the bioactivity assaying, the mutual growth-promoting effects between bacterial strain LZ-28 and algal strain LZT09 were observed. After the culture conditions were optimized, strain LZ-28 demonstrated an extraordinary production ability for its bioflocculanting exopolysaccharides (EPS). Moreover, the portions of two monosaccharides glucose and fucose of the EPS were found to positively contribute to the bioflocculanting capacity. Therefore, the present study sheds light on the similar genomic features among the selected M. alba strains, and it also reveals the potential pharmaceutical, environmental and biotechnological implications of active EPS produced by this new Mameliella alba strain LZ-28 recovered from toxic bloom-forming marine dinoflagellate.     

干旱区绿洲城市城市化与生态环境耦合——以乌鲁木齐为例

本文以乌鲁木齐为例,利用灰色关联方法,对干旱区绿洲城市的城市化进程和生态环境响应的耦合关系进行评价与分析,在乌鲁木齐城市化对生态环境的影响过程中,空间城市化对生态环境的作用最为明显,社会城市化和经济城市化对生态环境的作用相对小一些,而人口城市化对生态环境的关联度仅为0.59,对于干旱区绿洲城市来说人口对于生态环境的影响最小;生态环境对城市化的束缚作用主要表现为大气、水、土环境产生不同程度的胁迫效应,资源能源、生态条件对于城市化的制约和限制作用最为明显,生态环境综合治理对于城市化进程起着很大的促进作用,生态环境污染对于干旱区绿洲城市的胁迫作用相对较小。最后得出结论:乌鲁木齐市城市化与生态环境的耦合目前正处于缓慢变化阶段,属于逐步磨合型。     

利用APF-Ⅰ型化学引诱剂监测松褐天牛种群动态的研究

本研究选择在松褐天牛疫区湖北宜昌夷陵黄花镇、鸦鹊岭镇和武汉黄陂进行,通过使用APF-Ⅰ型化学引诱剂,监测松褐天牛种群动态变化,研究海拔高度差异和诱捕量的关系,以期为防治松褐天牛提供理论依据.结果表明,在宜昌夷陵黄花镇和鸦鹊岭镇,雌虫诱捕量明显高于雄虫,而在武汉黄陂区雄虫诱捕量高于雌虫.不同海拔高度的诱捕结果显示,诱捕量随着海拔升高逐渐增多,通过线性拟合表明具有正相关性,黄花镇、鸦鹊岭镇和黄陂地区的相关方程分别为Y=30.1157+0.1055X,Y=52.5223+0.2772X和Y=17.4218+0.0406X.     

两个玉米自交系对纹枯病的抗病反应机制初探

玉米纹枯病是由立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)引起的一种重要病害。具有优良性状的自交系是开展玉米抗病品种选育的重要种质资源。本试验以西南地区两个优良玉米自交系R08与18-599R为材料,采用人工接种R.solani菌丝融合群AG1-IA,对成株期玉米进行了抗性鉴定,并对病原菌诱导后苗期玉米叶片上的活性氧(ROS)、抗病相关基因(PR1、ZmDREB2A、ZmERF3和WIP1)表达及细胞坏死情况进行了动态检测。结果显示,R08对纹枯病表现为中抗,而18-599R为高感材料;受R.solani侵染后,玉米叶片ROS的积累在R08中较18-599R多;两个自交系中基因表达量及表达时间存在显著差异;R08叶片出现显著的细胞坏死反应,而18-599R相对较轻。本研究表明两个自交系对R.solani的抗性差异主要体现在相关抗病反应的时间和强度上,这为进一步研究玉米纹枯病抗病机理提供了依据。     

芦荟保健品研制与妙用

对芦荟的神奇保健功效进行了阐析，研制了几种芦荟保健品的简易制作方法，对芦荟的应用开发和科学利用给予了启示性的引导。     

甘薯根腐病抗性在不同环境条件下的表现及遗传趋势

结果表明,甘薯根腐病发病轻重与环境条件有很大关系,表现为干旱少雨的年份发病较重,降雨量较多的年份发病较轻;土壤瘠薄的发病较重,肥力条件较好的则发病较轻;通常情况下,年份间品种的抗性表现较为一致,但遇特殊气候则年份间品种的抗性有一定的差异。对1150份甘薯品种资源及育种材料的根腐病抗性鉴定结果表明,高抗型材料占14.6％,抗病型占15.7％,感病型占26.0％,高感型占43.7％。对754份材料及亲本的抗性分析表明,不同的抗性组合后代中均可分离出高抗至高感类型的材料,杂交后代的抗性强弱随双亲抗性水平的提高而提高。中国自1970年以来采用品种间杂交和种间杂交育种技术,先后育成了一批高产、优质的高抗型优良品种。     

多粘类芽胞杆菌分离鉴定及其对甘薯蔓割病的防治效果

【目的】筛选对甘薯蔓割病病原菌具有拮抗作用的芽胞杆菌,为甘薯蔓割病的生物防治提供菌种资源。【方法】通过平板对峙法从玉米根际土壤中筛选对甘薯蔓割病病原菌具有拮抗作用的芽胞杆菌;通过生物学特征和16S rDNA序列分析对拮抗菌株进行分类鉴定;通过盆栽试验进行拮抗菌株对甘薯蔓割病的防效试验,并检测拮抗菌株对甘薯叶片脱落酸(ABA)和赤霉素(GA)含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性及可溶性蛋白含量的影响。【结果】从玉米根际土壤中分离获得1株乳白色且具有拮抗作用的芽胞杆菌,命名为HAAS05,通过16S rDNA鉴定及系统发育进化树比对分析,将HAAS05菌株鉴定为多粘类芽胞杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)。盆栽试验结果显示,HAAS05菌株对甘薯蔓割病有明显的拮抗效果;OD_{600 nm}=0.20和OD_{600 nm}=0.40的HAAS05菌悬液处理第10 d后,甘薯叶片中ABA含量较仅接种病原菌处理(201.94 ng/g)显著降低(P<0.05,下同),分别为52.29和107.10 ng/g,而GA含量较仅接种病原菌处理(7.05 ng/g)显著升高,分别为8.10和10.31 ng/g,甘薯叶片SOD活性和可溶性蛋白含量均较仅接种病原菌处理显著升高,而POD活性变化无明显规律。【结论】多粘类芽胞杆菌HAAS05菌株对甘薯蔓割病有较好的拮抗作用,具有一定的开发应用潜力。