推杆式水稻钵育精密播种机的三维设计

针对槽轮或窝眼轮等传统的机械式播种机播种精度低、均匀性差和空穴率高等缺点,提出了一种推杆式水稻钵育精密播种装置,根据需要能与现有的育秧盘配套,且基本达到精量播种的要求.同时,利用SolidWorks三维机械设计软件的功能强、操作简单、有较强的开放性等特点,对推杆式水稻钵育精密播种机的非标准零部件进行了三维特征造型设计,完成机器的总体装配设计.与以往二维设计相比,缩短了产品的设计周期,减少了设计费用,大大提高了设计的精确性.     

无功就地补偿技术在农业排灌泵站中的应用

目前农业排灌站普遍存在功率因数低、无功损耗大的情况.无功就地补偿技术,可以有效地提高供配电系统的功率因数,达到节能的效果.为此,针对6kV配电站的补偿方式进行了仿真分析,论证了在排灌泵站中采用无功就地补偿技术的经济可行性,并对推广该技术存在的问题,提出了一些建议.     

湘研十五号辣椒的选育

湘研十五号辣椒是以６４２４为母本,８２１５为父本配制一代杂种,植株生长势强,株型紧凑,丰产、稳产,抗病性强,一般６６７ｍ＾２产量３０００ｋｇ左右,比湘研五号增产１５．３６％。     

贮藏期间板栗呼吸特性研究

对板栗贮藏期间呼吸速率及影响因素的研究发现：０－５℃贮藏能显著抑制板栗呼吸,能使板栗缓慢呼吸的稳定期延长至次年 ３月,但随贮期延长板栗组织愈加不耐受低 Ｏ２高 ＣＯ２环境;降低起始Ｏ２或提高起始 ＣＯ２浓度不能降低板栗的呼吸速率。     

Antibacterial Bombyx Mori silk fabric modified with reactive chitosan quaternary ammonium salt and its laundering durability

A new fiber-reactive chitosan derivative was synthesized in two steps from a chitosan of low molecular weight. First, a water-soluble chitosan derivative, N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl] chitosan chloride (short for HTCC), was prepared by reacting chitosan with 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride. Second, HTCC was further modified by reacting with N-(hydroxymethyl)-acrylamide to prepare a fiber-reactive chitosan derivative, O-methyl acrylamide quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan (short for NMA-HTCC), which can form covalent bonds with silk fiber under alkaline conditions. The chemical structure of NMA-HTCC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The substitution degree of HTCC and the double-bond content of NMA-HTCC were tested. Then NMA-HTCC was used for antibacterial finishing of Bombyx Mori silk fabric. The results showed that silk fabric treated with NMA-HTCC had a significantly improved antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and the antibacterial activity of silk fabric finished by NMA-HTCC was much better than that finished by chitosan and HTCC. Bombyx Mori silk fabric modified with NMA-HTCC demonstrated excellent durable antibacterial activity, even after 50 repeated launderings, the bacterial reduction rate of silk fabric maintained over 95 %.     

Interspecific cross‐hybrids of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. (gla.) S ‘K326’ with Nicotiana alata

In order to introduce the Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) resistance from Nicotiana alata into Nicotiana tabacum, a cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line of N. tabacum (N. tabacum L. cv. (gla.) S ‘K326’), was successfully crossed with N. alata. Despite a high DNA content variability, F₁ hybrids could be classified in two subgroups, a major one encompassing fertile hybrids morphologically similar to their tobacco maternal parent but TSWV sensitive, and a minor one displaying sterile hybrids showing an intermediate phenotype and TSWV resistant. In order to elucidate the unexpected fertility recovery of the fertile F₁ plants, some N. alata fertility restoration ppr genes were cloned and were shown to be differentially expressed between parental lineages as well as between both F₁ subgroups, suggesting that N. alata contains fertility restoring allele able to overcome the CMS of N. tabacum.     

Investigation and genetic mapping of a Glomerella leaf spot resistance locus in apple

Apple Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) is a severe fungal disease that damages apple leaves during the summer in China. Breeding new apple varieties that are resistant to the disease is considered the best way of controlling GLS. Fine mapping and tightly linked marker are critically essential for the preselection of resistant seedlings. In this study, a population of 207 F₁ individuals derived from a cross between ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Fuji’ was used to construct a fine simple sequence repeat (SSR)‐based genetic linkage map. The position of R_gls, a locus responsible for resistance to GLS, was identified on apple linkage group (LG) 15 using SSR markers CH05g05 and CH01d08, which was adapted from a published set of 300 SSR markers that were developed using the bulked segregant analysis (BSA) method. These two SSR markers flanked the gene, and its recombination rate was 8.7% and 23.2%, respectively. A total of 276 newly developed SSR markers around the target region and designed from the genome apple assembly contig of LG15 were screened. Only nine of these were determined to be linked to the R_gls locus. Thus, a total of 11 SSR markers were in linkage with R_gls, and mapped at distances ranging from 0.5 to 33.8 cM. The closest marker to the R_gls locus was S0405127, which showed a genetic distance of approximately 0.5 cM. The first mapping of the gene R_gls was constructed, and the locations of the 11 effective primers in the ‘Golden Delicious’ apple genome sequence were anchored. This result facilitates better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the trait of resistance to GLS and could be used in improving the breeding efficiency of GLS‐resistant apple varieties.     

西北地区马铃薯疮痂病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

为明确西北地区马铃薯疮痂病病原菌的种类和生物学特性,分别采用常规组织分离法和土壤混悬液分离法从宁夏、陕西和甘肃3个省区采集的29份疮痂病发病薯块和8份发病地块土壤中进行病原菌分离,并利用形态特征、生理生化特性和16S rDNA序列分析对病原菌进行鉴定。结果表明,从发病薯块和发病土壤中共分离到50株链霉菌Streptomyces spp.,通过回接法验证获得6株马铃薯疮痂病致病菌株。6株致病菌株的培养特性和形态特征差别较大;其中菌株G4-1、G9和SYN13不能以果糖和木糖为单一碳源,菌株SYNT3不能以棉子糖为单一碳源;除菌株NLG4-1外,其余5株菌株均能在络氨酸琼脂培养基上产生黑色素。经16S rDNA序列分析,菌株G4-1、G9与疮痂病链霉菌S. scabiei的相似率分别达99.47%和99.34%,菌株NLG4-1、SYNT3与S. enissocaesilis的相似率分别达97.90%和98.18%,菌株GBH2与加利利链霉菌S. galilaeus的相似率达99.93%,菌株SYN13与S. turgidiscabies的相似率达97.56%,表明西北地区马铃薯疮痂病病原菌至少存在4个种。     

黑龙江省农机合作社存在问题及发展对策

农机合作社是实现农业机械化、农业现代化的有效形式,是解决"三农问题"、粮食增产增收的最优途径。通过对基层农机合作社的实地调研以及对2014年黑龙江省现代农机专业合作社相关统计数据整理分析,在总结目前黑龙江省现代农机专业合作社面临具体问题的基础上,提出了黑龙江省现代农机专业合作社发展对策。研究结论可为黑龙江省农机合作组织的建设和发展提供具体指导,同时对全国农业合作组织健康发展具有参考意义。