Expression profiles of immunity and reproductive genes during transition period in Holstein cattle

The transition period is a critical time for dairy cows as the animal is subjected to the physiological stress accompanying parturition. Immunosuppression and health status were examined during this period in 80 Holstein cows. Blood samples were taken from each cow 3, 2 and 1 week before and after calving, and at calving (0 day). RNA was extracted and subjected to real‐time PCR to determine mRNA levels for the immune‐related genes TLR 2, 4, 6, 7 and β‐defensin 5 in addition to the reproduction‐related genes prolactin and IGF‐I. Results showed significant up‐regulation of pro‐inflammatory‐selected genes, TLR 4, 6 7 and β‐defensin 5 at the third‐week post‐calving; however, earlier periods had lower expression of such genes. In contrast, the immunosuppression biomarker TLR2 gene was up‐regulated at calving and 1 week after parturition and then down‐regulated again at second and third week. Prolactin and IGF‐I genes expression levels were significantly and gradually increased mainly post‐partum. This research highlights that the expression patterns of TLRs, BNBD5, PRL and IGF‐I could be biomarkers to follow up immune and reproductive status of dairy cow at peri‐parturient period to predict the most susceptible risk time for disease incidence and to build up management protocol.     

土壤和蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯的测定及分析质量控制

为得到正确的分析结果,需要进行分析质量控制。对于制作标准参考样品困难的拟除虫菊酯农药,作者应用百分比添加回收率的方法进行分析质量控制。在此分析质量控制中,使用的分析方法具有完全的浸提农药的能力。对于四种拟除虫菊酯确定的控制上限回收率为110.65～120%,而控制下限为80.00～89.34%。此分析质量控制方法便于使用,它对于提高农药残留分析结果的可靠性是有益的。     

巴西橡胶树染色体组型分析

以根尖细胞用铁矾一苏木精染色压片。选择较好的分裂中期相的细胞,分别测量各染色体的长度,计算臂比指数及相对长度,排出染色体组型图。染色体长度最长的为1号,长6.85微米,最短的为18号,长2.67微米。2n=36。10对染色体为中部着丝点染色体,8对为亚中部着丝点染色体,各对相邻的染色体的长度差异不大。5对染色体在长臂上有较显著的次缢痕。4对染色体有随体。11号染色体往往与核仁相连。     

Enzyme immunoassay for mycophenolic acid in milk and cheese

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) was reacted with N-hydroxysuccinimide and conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), and to horseradish peroxidase (HRP), respectively. The MPA-KLH was used to produce anti-MPA antiserum in rabbits. A competitive direct enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for MPA was established with anti-MPA antiserum and MPA-HRP conjugate. The mean 50% inhibition and detection limit of MPA standard curves (n = 103) were 197 +/- 67 and 81 +/- 48 pg/mL, respectively. The EIA was specific for MPA and its synthetic 2-morpholinoethyl ester, mycophenolate mofetil (91% relative cross-reactivity). Raw bulk milk and pasteurized milk, with and without beta-glucuronidase pretreatment, were analyzed by EIA. No MPA was found in milk, at a detection limit of 100 pg/mL (recovery 58-66% at 0.125-2 ng/mL). Blue-veined cheese from the German market (n = 53) was analyzed by EIA, and the detection limit was at 0.5 ng/g (recovery 68-79% at 5-100 ng/g). All but two cheeses contained MPA, although mostly (66%) at levels of <10 ng/g. MPA at 400-1200 ng/g was found in Roquefort cheeses. Highest levels (4-11 microg/g) were found in a German soft cheese preparation. MPA levels in mycelium-rich parts of cheese were 3 times higher than in mycelium-free parts.     

晚稻叶片性状及其在产量形成中的作用

以21个晚籼品种和15个晚粳品种为材料,考察测定了不同生育期的叶片性状共59项.在方差分析的基础上根据性状育种值进行逐步回归分析和通径分析.结果表明:在产量形成中起重要作用的叶片性状,晚籼与晚粳的差异较大;晚籼有5个重要叶片性状,属于剑叶性状的有4项;晚粳有9个重要叶片性状,属于剑叶性状的有7项.经验证,由上述重要性状与产量所建立的晚籼、晚粳优化回归方程,其预测准确率分别在93.47%和95.01%以上.     

鄂粳杂1号在荆门市大面积制种高产技术

大面积制种实践表明,鄂粳杂１号在荆门市制种每公顷产量超过３００ｋｇ,一期父本应安排在４月２５￣２６日,二期父本４月２８￣３０日,母本５月２￣４日播种;每公顷父本插足基本苗６０万以上,保证有效穗９０万左右;母本插足基本苗３３０万以上,保证有效穗３５０万以上;早追分蘖肥,补施穗肥,普施保花肥;及时预测花期,适度割叶,适时施用“九二０”和增效剂。     

早籼叶片性状的研究

以19个早籼品种为材料,考察测定了不同生育时期的叶片性状共62项.在方差分析的基础上,根据性状育种值进行逐步回归分析和通径分析.结果表明:对早籼产量起重要作用的性状是;成熟期剑叶长、剑叶长宽比、剑叶面积、剑叶体积;蜡熟期剑叶角度、倒二叶宽、倒二叶自然长;单株生物产量和谷草比.经验证,由上述重要性状与产量所建立的回归方程其预测平均准确率为97%.在早籼高产育种中重点应放在提高生物产量上.     

高产晚稻品种理想型性状的研究

以22个晚釉和14个晚粳高产品种为材料,考察测定了193个性状。在方差分析的基础上根据性状育种值进行了逐步回归分析和通径分析。结果表明:晚釉高产品种共有主茎倒二节间直径、灌浆中期百粒日增重、谷草比、黄熟期绿叶指数等10个理想型性状;晚粳高产品种共有成熟时剑叶实长、全生育期、抽穗期单株根千重等10个理想型性状。由此理想型性状所建立的晚籼、晚粳优化回归方程x~2测验效果极佳,且对每个参试品种产量的预测准确率均在93.25%以上。     

1981～1985年上海近郊菜区六六六、DDT污染情况调查

作者于1981～1985年调查了上海菜区六六六和DDT的污染情况,并分析蔬菜、土壤和水质样品共1408个。由于1981～1982年施用农药和农药厂排放,导致青菜和土壤中的六六六污染相当严重。为此从1983年开始因停止生产和严格控制使用农药,蔬菜和土壤中六六六含量则迅速减少。尽管土壤中DDT含量较高,蔬菜从土壤中吸收量却很少。分析结果表明,目前上海蔬菜区的六六六和DDT已不是一个具有显著影响的环境污染问题,并确信以后该污染状况将会继续减轻,蔬菜因从土壤和灌溉水中吸收有机氯农药而达到超过卫生标准的可能性也是极少的(六六六——200ppb,DDT——100ppb)。     

Three-dimensional simulations of plume-lithosphere interaction at the hawaiian swell

Rapid lithospheric thinning by mantle plumes has not been achieved in numerical experiments performed to date. Efficient thinning depends on small-scale instabilities that convectively remove lithospheric material. These instabilities are favored by hotter plumes or stronger temperature dependence of viscosity, and a simple scaling independent of rheology controls their onset. This scaling allows extrapolation of the results of numerical experiments to the Earth's mantle. Mantle plumes between 100 and 150 kelvins hotter than the background mantle should exhibit small-scale convective rolls aligned with the plate motion. The unusual variation in heat flow across the Hawaiian swell may be due to such instabilities. It was found that the spreading of the plume creates a downwelling curtain of material that isolates it from the rest of the mantle for distances of at least 1000 kilometers from the plume origin. This isolation has important consequences for the geochemical heterogeneity of the lithosphere and upper mantle.