A new alternative for embryo transfer and artificial insemination in mares: ultrasound-guided intrauterine injection

A transvaginal ultrasound-guided intrauterine injection (IUI) technique was developed for embryo transfer and for injection of small quantities of sperm in mares. The target area of a horn was positioned by transrectal manipulation against the wall of the vaginal fornix over the face of a transvaginal transducer. A needle with a catheter containing the embryo or semen was inserted through the needle guide of the transducer into the uterine lumen. The tips of the needle and catheter, the movement of the catheter in the uterine lumen, and the ejection of fluid was monitored on the ultrasound screen. Pregnancy rate 15 days after ovulation for the IUI embryo transfer technique (30/39, 77%) was similar to the pregnancy rate for transcervical (TC) embryo transfer (30/38, 79%). The pregnancy rate for IUI insemination of 20 × 10⁶ progressively motile sperm into the tip of the uterine horn ipsilateral to ovulation was 5/10 (50%). Results indicated that the IUI approach is a viable alternative for embryo transfer. Results also supported the potential of IUI for insemination of low numbers of sperm, but more extensive studies with various doses of sperm are needed.     

Risk factors associated with sero-positivity to Toxoplasma gondii in captive neotropical felids from Brazil

From September 1995 to February 2001, blood samples were collected from 865 neotropical felids belonging to 8 different species. These animals were housed in 86 institutions located in 78 cities of 20 Brazilian states. Our goal was to identify the risk factors associated with sero-positivity to Toxoplasma gondii in captive neotropical felids from Brazil. All serum samples were tested by the modified agglutination test (MAT), using formalin-fixed whole tachyzoites and mercaptoethanol. For each animal an individual questionnaire was filled with questions about tattoo number, felid species, age, sex, origin, number of animals in the group, introduction of new animals in the group, time in the institution, eating meat previously frozen for a period <7 days in the last 6 months, eating meat of run-over or euthanized animals in the last 6 months, predation of rodents or birds in the last 6 months and presence of domestic cats near the enclosures in the last 6 months. The total sero-prevalence was 55% (95% CI: 52%, 57%). We estimated a prevalence of 46% (95% CI: 40%, 54%) for jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi); 58% (95% CI: 53%, 63%) for ocelot (Leopardus pardalis); 50% (95% CI: 45%, 56%) for oncilla (L. tigrinus); 54% (95% CI: 46%, 62%) for margay (L. wiedii); 12% (95% CI: 4%, 31%) for Pampas-cat (L. colocolo); 83% (95% CI: 65%, 93%) for Geoffroy's-cat (L. geoffroyi); 64% (95% CI: 50%, 68%) for jaguar (Panthera onca) and 48% (95% CI: 42%, 54%) for puma (Puma concolor). Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between the variables in the questionnaire and sero-positivity to T. gondii. We concluded that the independent risk factors for toxoplasmosis were: age >3 years (OR = 4.75 [2.75; 8.2]), eating meat previously frozen for a period <7 days (OR = 2.23 [1.24; 4.01]), and consumption of animals that were run-over or euthanized (OR = 1.64; [1.14; 2.37]).     

噬菌体展示技术筛选副猪嗜血杆菌外膜蛋白P5的抗原表位

为了研究副猪嗜血杆菌（HPS）外膜蛋白P5的抗原表位,应用噬菌体展示随机12肽库,以抗HPS外膜蛋白P5的单克隆抗体作为固相分子,进行了3轮筛选。对随机挑选出的10个分离间隔良好的噬菌斑进行ELISA和West—ernblot等检验,最终确定了4个各结果均为阳性的优势短肽。将4个短肽序列与GenBank中HPS外膜蛋白p5的序列进行比对分析,发现这些序列没有同源性或同源性较低,但竞争ELISA结果显示这些短肽与单抗的结合都能够被外膜蛋白P5有效的抑制。以上结果显示,通过噬菌体展示技术成功获得了4个HPS外膜蛋白P5的模拟表位,为后期开展以抗原表位为基础的诊断、表位疫苗等研究提供了依据。     

成功的启示——南京奶业(集团)公司经营分析

南京奶业 (集团 )公司扭亏为盈 ,并取得骄人业绩的启示是 :企业正确定位 ;实行企业 (集团 )经营的公司型运作方式 ;实行低成本扩张和品牌战略 ;引进国外先进技术设备 ,走与国际奶业接轨的发展道路 ;改善产业结构 ,实行多元化经营。     

TCP/IP协议脆弱性分析

TCP/IP协议是网络发展的一个基础，但是该协议确存在着致命的弱点，盲目的使用与该协议相关的服务或应用会给网络安全带来隐患，认识到TCP/IP协议的脆弱性进对我们加强网络管理和采用安全技术手段具有指导性作用。     

福建马尾松毛虫发生特点及主要因子分析

文章对近几年福建省马尾松毛虫发生危害的情况和特点进行了总结和分析，指出气候、海拔林分、虫源和天敌是影响马尾松毛虫发生的主要因子，并提出了相应的预防对策。     

中低强度间伐对杆材阶段马尾松林生物量的影响

对杆材阶段不同密度的马尾松林在低强度间伐后生物量的动态变化进行了分析对比，结果表明间伐后平均木的单株生物量和各器官生物量随密度增加而减少；随林分年龄的增加，单株生物量与树干、皮、根的生物量因积累而增大，但枝、叶的生物量先增加后减少，在林分年龄为20a时达到最大值，随后又接近间伐前的数值；林分生物量随年龄增加而增加，其中密度为3000株     

Parameter Design for the Power Train and Simulation of the Dynamic Performance of Elctrical Vehicle

The method and principle of the parameter design for the power train of EV is explored and discussed,then the parametersof EV. based on SC7101 are reasonably selected.The method of calculating the SOC of Lead_acid battery is provided and the relation among the electromotive force,the interior resistance, the polarized resistance and the SOC are analyzed. The capacity is compensated according to the relation between the capacity and the temperature, which is the basis on which the energy management system is designed and improved. The dynamic model which reflects the dynamic characteristics of the power train is established,then the dynamic performance of the EV based on SC7101 is simulated, and the factors that affect the continuous mileage of EV are analyzed,the measures to increase the continuous mileage are provided.The result shows that the analysis of the electric characteristics of battery and the dynamic model are correct,and the dynamic performance perfectly meets the need of the design target.