光周期对不同秋眠型苜蓿光敏色素和内源激素的影响简

 本试验研究了不同光周期对３种秋眠型苜蓿光敏色素和植物体内源激素含量的影响,为揭示苜蓿秋眠性的调控机理提供科学依据。试验采用ＦＱ-ＰＣＲＳＹＢＲ-ＧｒｅｅｎＩ方法,在人工气候室,以美国苜蓿秋眠级标准对照品种Ｎｏｒｓｅｍａｎ（ＦＤ_１,秋眠型苜蓿,秋眠１级）、Ｄｕｐｕｉｌｓ（ＦＤ_５,半秋眠型苜蓿,秋眠５级）和ＣＵＦ１０１（ＦＤ_９,非秋眠型苜蓿,秋眠９级）为材料,设计４个不同的日照长度梯度（７,１０,１３和１６ｈ／ｄ）,对其植株处理３５ｄ,测定叶片中光敏色素（PHYA 、PHYB）ｍＲＮＡ 表达量,采用（ＥＬＩＳＡ）试剂盒法测定内源激素生长素（ＩＡＡ）、脱落酸（ＡＢＡ）、玉米素核苷（ＺＲ）、赤霉酸（ＧＡ_３）的含量。结果表明,３种不同秋眠型紫花苜蓿PHYA 和PHYB 在短日照条件下合成量大,其中以Ｎｏｒｓｅｍａｎ表现最为明显。不同秋眠类型苜蓿叶片中的ＧＡ_３／ＡＢＡ、ＺＲ／ＡＢＡ和ＩＡＡ／ＡＢＡ均随着光照时间延长而增大;短日照条件下３种秋眠型苜蓿ＡＢＡ的合成量均为最大,ＧＡ_３的含量最低,生长严重受到抑制。可能PHYA 和PHYB 直接或间接影响了内源激素ＧＡ３、ＺＲ、ＩＡＡ、ＡＢＡ合成量,进而调控了苜蓿的秋眠。     

近10年来我国草原虫害生物防控综合配套技术的研究与推广进展

草原虫害防治是农业部较早大规模组织开展的防灾减灾工作之一。在长期的实践工作中,草原虫害防治始终坚持“预防为主,综合防治”的植保方针,逐步建立了“以生物防治为主,化学防治为辅”的技术路线。2002年起,全国畜牧总站在全国牧区组织开展了《草原虫害生物防控综合配套技术推广应用》项目。该项目的实施带动了全国的草原害虫防治,为草原可持续发展提供了技术支撑。本文以该项目的进展为基础,简要总结介绍了草原害虫防治的实施背景、开展情况及建设成果,包括以生态系统平衡原理为指导,对虫害监测预警、生物防控和施药技术等进行集成创新与组装配套,使草原害虫密度长期控制在经济阈值以下,实现草原生态系统平衡等。     

贵妃鸡与麒麟鸡杂交F1代血液生理生化指标的测定

为给贵妃鸡（♂）与麒麟鸡（♀）杂交F1代的人工饲养繁殖、健康状况检测以及经济开发等提供科学的参考数据和理论依据,试验对12周龄贵妃鸡与麒麟鸡杂交F1代进行血液生理生化指标测定与分析。结果表明：①血液生理指标：杂交公鸡红细胞计数（RBC）、血红蛋白浓度（HGB）、红细胞压积（HCT）在数值上极显著高于母鸡（P〈0.01）,白血球计数（WBC）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）显著高于母鸡（P〈0.05）;②血液生化指标：杂交公鸡的甘油三酯（TG）、尿酸（UA）指标在数值上显著高于母鸡（P〈0.05）,磷酸肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）指标在数值上显著低于母鸡（P〈0.05）。杂交F1代的血液生理生化指标具有相对稳定性,这一结果能为贵妃鸡（♂）与麒麟鸡（♀）杂交F1代疾病诊断、治疗和饲养管理提供参考。     

Anatomical Study on the Multi-Ovule Development and Abortion of Hanfu Apple

The terminal flower buds of 6-yr-old Hanfu apple were used to study the ovule development, ovular characteristics, cell death of abortive ovules, and dynamic change of starch grain quantity in the embryo sac with paraffin slices and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated fluorescein deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling （TUNEL） system. Four anatropous ovules in each ventricle could be observed before flowering. With the developing of floral organ, the bulk of normal ovules enlarged in each ventricle, the mature embryo sac differentiated into nucellus, and the egg cell developed into zygote by double fertilization. A large number of starch grains were observed during pollen tube growth and double fertilization, which guaranteed basic nutrient supply in the normal development of ovules. Moreover, abortion phenomenon of runtish ovules emerged at the stages of mature embryo sac, double fertilization and zygote development. The abortion characteristics included deformity of ovule development, degradation of nucellus tissue, separation between funiculus and ovule, abnormality of four-nucleate embryo sac, as well as development interruption of mature embryo sac. TUNEL analysis proved that ovule abortion was programmed cell death.     

我国草原虫害生物防治技术应用现状

为了让更多的人了解我国草原虫害生物防治技术应用情况,在查阅文献的基础上,结合我国草原虫害防控工作现状,回顾了草原虫害生物防治工作的进展历程,详细介绍了在推广工作中蝗虫微孢子虫、绿僵菌、类产碱假单胞菌、核型多角体病毒、阿维菌素、牧鸡牧鸭和人工招引粉红椋鸟、印楝素、苦参碱、烟碱·苦参碱等生物药剂和天敌控制技术的研究进展及在草原上的应用现状。最后,总结了近10年我国草原虫害生物防治技术的应用情况,指出我国草原虫害生物防控正在形成由微生物农药、农用抗生素、天敌利用、植物源农药等多种技术构成的新型格局,并针对防治工作中存在的主要问题,提出了对策建议,为今后开展相关研究和工作提供技术支持和参考依据。     

低温放热法研究8 个葡萄砧木和6 个栽培品种芽的抗寒性

 采用差热分析系统（Differential Thermal Analysis,DTA）对不同葡萄砧木和栽培品种进行低 温放热分析（Low temperature exotherms analysis,LTE）,建立各品种芽的温度-伤害度LT–I（Lethal Temperature–Injury）回归直线。回归方程斜率（lethal temperature coefficient,Qlt）代表温度每降低1 ℃ 芽增加的伤害程度,反应不同品种对降温的敏感性。利用隶属函数度法对LT20 ~ LT80 进行排序,发现赤 霞珠芽抗寒性最差,摩尔多瓦次之,威代尔、香赛罗、110R、3309C、140Ru、北醇、1103P 和101-14 Mgt 抗寒性强,Frontenac、贝达、5BB 和SO4 抗寒性最强;深休眠后的葡萄芽抗寒性增强,1 月中旬芽的抗 寒性明显强于11 月末的芽。     

晚熟桃新品种‘霞晖 8 号’

 ‘霞晖8 号’是以‘朝晖’为母本,‘瑞光18 号’为父本杂交育成的晚熟桃新品种。花蔷薇 型,有花粉,自花结实,丰产稳产。果实圆形,平均单果质量246 g,大果390 g;成熟时果面80%以上 着红色,外观美丽;果肉白色,硬溶质,风味甜香,可溶性固形物含量13.4%,可溶性糖10.15%,可滴 定酸0.21%,粘核。在南京地区8 月上中旬成熟,果实生育期132 d。     

Intermedin inhibits pulmonary collagen synthesis in rats with pulmonary hypertension induced by high pulmonary blood flow

AIM: To explore the regulatory effect of intermedin (IMD) on pulmonary collagen synthesis and accumulation in rats with pulmonary hypertension induced by high pulmonary blood flow.METHODS: Healthy male SD rats (n=20) were randomly divided into control group (n=7), shunt group (n=7) and shunt with IMD group (n=6). The shunting of abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava was produced in rats of shunt group and shunt with IMD group. After 8 weeks, IMD was administered into the rats of shunt with IMD group subcutaneously by mini-osmotic pump for 2 weeks. Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), relative medial thickness (RMT) of pulmonary arteries, contents of hydroxyproline, collagen type I and III, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and the mRNA expression of procollagen I and III in lung tissues were measured and compared. RESULTS: Compared with control group, mPAP and RMT of medium and small pulmonary arteries in the rats of shunt group were significantly increased. Meanwhile, the lung hydroxyproline, collagens I and III and BMP-2 contents, and the mRNA expression of lung procollagen I and III were all significantly increased compared with control group. However, IMD significantly decreased mPAP, alleviated the changes of pulmonary vascular micro-structure, decreased the collagen accumulation and pulmonary tissue homogenate BMP-2 contents, and inhibited the mRNA expression of procollagen I and III in the lung tissue of shunting rats.CONCLUSION: IMD plays a protective role in the development of pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular structural remodeling induced by high blood flow by inhibiting pulmonary collagen synthesis and accumulation, possibly in association with the BMP-2 pathway.     

与黄瓜霜霉病抗性相关基因连锁的分子标记研究

以黄瓜抗霜霉病和感霜霉病亲本组合(Q9×Q10)的F2分离群体为试材,采用BSA法筛选到了1个AFLP引物组合P11M70在抗病池和感病池间表现多态,抗病池和抗病亲本均具有大小约304 bp的特异谱带,感病池和感病亲本均扩增出了大小约为301 bp的特异片段。经F2单株验证及连锁分析,该特异片段与霜霉病抗病相关基因相连锁,连锁距离为5.22 cM。对特异片段的测序结果显示,两片段的大小分别为304 bp和301 bp,且2个片段的差异仅为3个"A"碱基的插入或缺失以及1个"C-T"的碱基突变。将该AFLP标记成功地转换为了简单实用的SCAR标记。     

弥勒蔗区甘蔗宿根矮化病发生分布及病原检测

为明确云南弥勒蔗区甘蔗宿根矮化病（RSD）的分布、发生危害情况,对云南弥勒蔗区RSD的发生和分布进行了调查和田间采样,采用PCR法对田间采集的60个样本进行RSD检测.结果表明：52个样本为阳性,阳性检出率86.67％,确认弥勒蔗区存在RSD;通过系统分析,明确了不同品种、不同植期、不同蔗地RSD发生状况,为弥勒蔗区推广应用温水脱毒健康种苗、有效防控甘蔗宿根矮化病提供了科学依据.