亚热带丘陵几种林地土壤剖面有机碳和轻组有机碳的分布

通过选取亚热带丘陵区3种不同母质发育的林地土壤,分析有机碳及轻组有机碳的剖面分布特征。结果表明:土壤有机碳含量(SOC)、轻组有机碳含量(LFOC)和LFOC/SOC均随剖面深度的加深而降低,分别介于1.49～16.80 g kg-1、0.11～2.58 g kg-1和3.2%～20.2%之间,以表层土壤SOC、LFOC的数量最为丰富、质量最高,且各土壤的剖面分布趋势相似。不同母质发育的剖面土壤发生层有机碳储量介于66.66～95.83 t hm-2,以板岩红壤最高,花岗岩红壤最低;而轻组有机碳储量介于6.09～10.37 t hm-2,以板岩红壤最高,紫色土最低。从储量上看,底土层(B、BC、C层)贮存了主要的有机碳和可观的轻组有机碳。此外,亚热带林地表层土壤LFOC/SOC要高于温带林地表层土壤,这反映出气候、地形和当地土地利用方式对土壤碳质量具有重要影响。     

水产种质资源地理信息系统设计与实观

水产种质资源地理信息系统是为了实现水产种质资源数据共享而开发的一个C/S模式共享平台。采用VB＋MapX的二次开发方式，实现了空间数据与属性数据互相查询、数据管理以及报表输出等功能，另外还绘制了水产物种地理的分布图和水系分布图。     

Inhibition of tumorigenesis in ApcMin/+ mice by a combination of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and fish oil

The effect of a combination of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) with fish oil on intestinal tumorigenesis in Apc (Min/+) mice fed a high-fat diet was investigated in the present study. The combined treatment of EGCG and fish oil for 9 weeks reduced the tumor number by 53% as compared to controls while neither agent alone had a significant effect. Apoptosis was significantly increased in all treatment groups. beta-Catenin nuclear positivity in adenomas from the combination group was lower than control mice, implicating the modulation of Wnt signaling by the combination. Fish oil and the combination significantly reduced prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) levels in small intestinal tumors as compared to controls, suggesting modulation of aberrant arachidonic acid metabolism by fish oil. Akt phosphorylation in adenomas was significantly reduced in all treatment groups, which may have contributed to the observed increase in apoptosis. The results indicate that a combination of low doses of EGCG and fish oil can inhibit tumor multiplicity in Apc (Min/+) mice.     

烟台市中西部及邻区水库淤积研究

将水库淤积按沉积动力学特征分为河流沉积动力淤积和水库沉积动力淤积2种类型,建立了2种淤积类型的动力模型.水库淤积量的大小按水库因水位下降所出露的淤积物面积进行评估.结合陆地卫星TM图像,对研究区内的30个水库,按淤积程度离差分为3级Ⅰ级,DEPDEV＜-0.3;Ⅱ级,DEPDEV=-0.3～1;Ⅲ级,DEPDEV＞1.对比图像平面数据与实测的水库淤积量数据,发现图像数据与兴利库容以下实测数据协同性好.     

水肥交互作用对问作玉米、大豆产量的影响研究

应用三因素五水平二次通用旋转组合方法 ,试验研究不同水肥用量对大田间作玉米、大豆产量的影响结果表明 ,三因素对玉米产量的影响依次为水 >N >P ,对大豆产量的影响依次为水 >P >N ;水、肥互作效应中水的效应大于肥 ,且肥效随灌水量的增加而提高     

延安生态农业建设示范区果树资源及其合理利用

延安生态农业建设示范区有野生果树33种,半栽培果树有2种,栽培果树有15种,可引入的果树有5种。示范区果树资源以蔷薇科为主,有野生果树15种,半栽培果树有1种,栽培果树有10种。栽培果树以苹果为主。野生果树以山桃、山杏、酸枣和文冠果等为主,其利用价值较高。该示范区栽培果树树种、品种搭配不够合理,单产低,急需调整、提高。     

Carbon flux from decomposing 13C-labeled transgenic and nontransgenic parental rice straw in paddy soil

Purpose

Genetic modification of Bt rice may affect straw decomposition and soil carbon pool under flood conditions. This study aims to assess the effects of cry gene transformation in rice on the residue decomposition and fate of C from residues under flooded conditions.

Materials and methods

A decomposition experiment was set up using ¹³C-enriched rice straws from transgenic and nontransgenic Bt rice to evaluate the soil C dynamics and CH₄ or CO₂ emission rates in the root and non-root zones. The concentrations and stable carbon isotope compositions of the soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), CH₄, and CO₂ of the root and non-root zones were determined from 7 to 110 days after rice straw incorporation.

Results and discussion

Rice straw incorporation into soil significantly increased the SOC, DOC, and MBC concentrations and the CH₄ and CO₂ emission rates. The percentage of ¹³C-SOC remaining in the root zone was significantly lower than that in the non-root zone with rice straw decomposition. The DOC and MBC concentrations significantly increased in both the root and non-root zones between 0 and 80 days after rice straw incorporation. However, no significant differences were found after Bts (Bt rice straw added into soil) and Cks (nontransgenic Bt rice straw added into soil) incorporation in the root and non-root zones. This result may be attributed to the priming effects of sufficient oxygen and nutrients on straw degradation in the root zone.

Conclusions

Bt gene insertion did not affect the SOC, DOC, and MBC concentrations and the CH₄ and CO₂ emission rates in both the root and non-root zones. However, rice straw incorporation and root exudation significantly increased the SOC, DOC, and MBC concentrations and the CH₄ and CO₂ emission rates.     

Long-term cultivation impact on the heavy metal behavior in a reclaimed wetland,Northeast China

Purpose

Heavy metal fractionation varies according to land uses. To understand the behavior of heavy metals in wetland soils under long-term agricultural cultivation, we examined the distribution, source, and associated environmental risk of heavy metals in different types of wetland soils.

Materials and methods

Soils were collected in cultivated lands, artificial ditches, and riparian zones from a reclaimed wetland in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. They were analyzed for total concentrations and chemical fractions of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni, as well as pH, soil organic matter, total phosphorus, and particle size distribution.

Results and discussion

Heavy metal concentrations were significantly lower in cultivated wetland than in ditch and riparian wetlands. Riparian wetland was found to exhibit the highest metal concentrations. When compared with other two wetland types, the cultivated wetland showed much higher partitioning levels of heavy metals in the acid-soluble fraction and lower partitioning levels in the oxidizable fraction. Although Cr, Cu, and Ni in ditch and riparian wetlands were identified as the metal pollutants of primary concern, they had a low or no risk of further dispersion to other environmental components. Weathering of parent materials was the main source of Cr and Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn originated mainly from agricultural practices, and Ni emanated from a mixture of sources.

Conclusions

Long-term agricultural cultivation can lead to significant heavy metal loss in cultivated wetland but enrich heavy metal concentrations in ditch and riparian wetlands. Periodic ditch dredging is considered an effective measure for decreasing heavy metal input into the fluvial system and thereby reducing the dispersion to the regional water environment.     

小麦倒伏的雷达极化特征及其遥感监测

研究探索了雷达遥感大面积监测小麦倒伏状况的潜力。利用覆盖整个小麦生育期的5景时间序列Radarsat-2全极化影像数据,对比分析了倒伏小麦与正常小麦在不同时间、不同极化的雷达后向散射动态响应规律,发现雷达极化特征对小麦倒伏十分敏感,基于此提出利用雷达极化指数监测小麦倒伏的方法。并利用内蒙古额尔古纳市上库力农场春小麦抽穗灌浆期的实地调查数据,对提出方法进行验证,结果表明该方法能有效辨识和监测小麦倒伏。为大面积监测小麦倒伏提供了一种简单、快速、有效的手段。     

狗尾草应用基础的研究进展

狗尾草具有NADP-ME型C4光合作用,适合高光效形成机制的研究,生命周期短暂,基因组较小,植株低矮,种子数量多,便于进行遗传操作,被认为是研究C4光合作用的模式物种,并且狗尾草生长要求简单,抗旱耐盐,适应性广,与谷子、柳枝稷近缘,又是理想的旱生禾本科粮食作物和生物能源植物的遗传研究模型.该研究介绍了狗尾草的研究基础,综述了狗尾草的生长发育特性、生理生化特性、种质资源、功能基因以及药用价值的研究进展,并对狗尾草的发展趋势进行展望.