林芝牦牛毛绒纤维物理特性及其超微结构研究

对 5岁林芝牦牛 2 0头公牛和 2 5头母牛背、腹部毛绒纤维的物理特性及其超微结构进行了测定与观察。结果表明 :公、母牛背、腹部粗毛的伸直长度分别为 8.82± 3.40、2 3 .2 3± 8.2 0、5 .6 2± 1.19、18.95± 4.84cm ,母牛腹部绒毛的伸直长度为 4.74± 0 .72cm ;公、母牛背、腹部粗毛的细度分别为 5 2 .99± 10 .72、73.32± 7.2 0、5 4.6 3± 10 .0 2、6 5 .96± 6 78μm ,母牛腹部绒毛的细度为 17.35± 2 .2 2 μm ;公、母牛背、腹部粗毛的强度分别为 41.16± 9 32、38.82± 3 .2 8、31 19± 7.87、33 .88± 5 .84g ,母牛腹部绒毛的强度为 15 .2 8± 2 .96g ;公、母牛背、腹部粗毛的伸度分别为 41.84%、46 73%、41.2 1%、45 .76 % ,母牛腹部绒毛的伸度为 43 .91%。林芝牦牛粗毛和绒毛的鳞片排列形态均为覆瓦状形     

江苏南部丘陵地区紫花苜蓿引种及高产栽培技术研究

针对江苏南部丘陵地区的气候生态特征,开展了引进紫花苜蓿品种的适应性和相关栽培技术研究。结果表明：加拿大品种得龙,美国品种WL320、WL323、金皇后的产量和适应性都显著优于其他品种;丘陵岗坡地种植苜蓿,采用基施纯氮60．0kg／hm^2、硼砂7．5kg／hm^2、钼酸铵300．0g／hm^2、石灰4500．0～6000．0kg／hm^2,5％苜豆壮1200ml／hm^2＋苗期用除草剂5％精禾草克900ml／hm^2或秋播种植伴生作物可获得高产。     

Distribution of Leaf Color and Nitrogen Nutrition Diagnosis in Rice Plant

Greenness and nitrogen content of each leaf on main stem of different japonica and indica ricevarieties under different nitrogen levels were investigated. Results showed that the fourth leaf from the top ex-hibited active changes with the change of plant nitrogen status. When the plant nitrogen content was low, itscolor and nitrogen content were obviously lower than those of the three top leaves. With the increase of plantnitrogen content, the color and nitrogen content of the fourth leaf increased quickly, and the differences ofcolor and nitrogen content between the fourth leaf and the three top leaves decreased. So, the fourth leaf wasan ideal indication of plant nutrition status. In addition, color difference between the fourth and the third leaffrom the top was highly related to the plant nitrogen content regardless of the variety and development stage.Therefore, color difference between the fourth and the third leaf could be widely used for diagnosis of plantnutrition. Results also indicated that the minimized color difference between the fourth and the third leaf at the criticaleffective tillering, the emergence of the second leaf from the top, and the heading was the symbol of high yield. Plantnitrogen content of 27 g kg-1 DW for japonica rice and 25 g kg-1 DW for indica were the critical nitrogen concentrations.     

铁路信号电源高速切换装置的研究与设计

针对铁路信号电源不间断供电的需求,提出了一种双电源供电系统切换装置的设计方案。切换装置由主电路、电压与电流检测单元、控制切换单元、数字信号控制器(DSC)及其控制软件组成。该装置采用DSC系统,通过采样、比较和判断,可对供电电源进行实时监测,并能在常用电源出现故障时,自动将电源输出切换到备用电源,以保证不间断供电。具有检测精度高,误操作率低,可靠性高以及切换迅速等特点。     

农田土壤有机碳固存的主要影响因子及其稳定机制

农田生态系统作为陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,在陆地生态系统碳循环过程中发挥重要作用。明确影响农田土壤有机截获的主要因素及土壤固碳的稳定机制,有助于控制和加强农田土壤碳库的固碳潜力,以及正确评价农业生产对全球气候变化的影响。因此,本文综合论述了影响农田土壤碳含量的自然和人为因素,详细阐述了土壤碳固定的物理、化学和生物稳定机制。并总结了已有研究的不足,对今后土壤固碳研究中的热点问题进行了展望。认为从土壤微生物学角度出发,深入研究微生物在土壤有机碳循环中的作用机制,并将地上部和地下部生态系统联系起来探讨土壤碳素稳定性机制更具有重要的意义。     

单增李斯特菌在营养肉汤中最大比生长速率的预测模型

在不同温度下,对单增李斯特菌在营养肉汤中的生长建立动力学模型,并对所建立的模型进行验证。使用Gompertz模型描述特定温度下单增李斯特菌随储藏时间变化的生长状况,对得出的最大比生长速率分别建立Linear、Square root和Ratkowsky预测模型,并对所建立的模型进行比较验证。结果表明:Ratkowsky模型对最大比生长速率-温度拟合度最高(R2=0.999 7),经验证,该模型可以很好地预测单增李斯特菌在营养肉汤中的生长情况。     

Nonphytotoxic copper oxide nanoparticles are powerful “nanoweapons” that trigger resistance in tobacco against the soil-borne fungal pathogen Phytophthora nicotianae

Investigations into the potential application of nanoparticles acting as nanofungicides in sustainable agriculture are rapidly expanding due to the high antimicrobial properties of these compounds, which do not risk inducing pathogen resistance to fungicides.  A detailed understanding of the impact of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) on soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi is yet to be obtained.  This study aimed to explore the in vitro antifungal activity and control efficacy of CuO NPs applied via irrigation with respect to tobacco black shank (TBS) disease caused by Phytophthora nicotianae.  The results revealed that CuO NPs greatly interfered with the reproductive growth process of this fungus, repressing hyphal growth, spore germination and sporangium production.  Additionally, morphological damage, intracellular ROS accumulation and increased SOD enzyme activity in hyphae were the antifungicidal mechanisms of these NPs.  In pot experiments, treatment with CuO NPs at 100 mg L^–1 significantly suppressed TBS development, compared with the effect on control plants, and the control efficacy reached 33.69% without inducing phytotoxicity.  Exposure to CuO NPs significantly activated a series of defense enzymes, and resistance genes in tobacco can further explain the mechanisms by which CuO NPs suppressed fungal infection.  The Cu content in both the leaves and roots of P. nicotianae-infested plants increased by 50.03 and 27.25%, respectively, after treatment with 100 mg L^–1 CuO NPs, compared with that of healthy plants.  In particular, a higher Cu content was observed in infected roots than in leaves.  Therefore, this study showed the potential of CuO NPs applied as nanofungicides and as nanoinducers of fungus resistance genes for the management of TBS through inhibition of pathogen infection and stimulation of plant defenses.     

膜下滴灌水氮空间调控对机采棉群体塑造及产量的影响

【目的】研究膜下滴灌水氮空间调控对机采棉群体塑造及产量的影响。【方法】以新陆中66号为供试品种,试验采用大田裂区试验设计,主区为膜内不同滴灌带条数,分别为2、3和5条(分别标记为G₂、G₃、G₅);副区为不同施氮量,分布为0、238、317、396 kg/hm²(分别标记为N₀、N₁、N₂、N₃),研究棉花生育期内不同水氮处理对群体指标、叶面积指数、干物质积累、产量和氮肥农学效应的影响。【结果】施氮量对机采棉群体塑造影响极显著,滴灌带布置条数对茎粗和果枝始节高度有显著影响;增加布管数量和施氮量可增加机采棉的叶面积指数,并在生育中后期达到显著影响;机采棉地上部分干物质积累量、单株铃数、单铃重、衣分和籽棉产量均随着施氮量的增加而呈单峰趋势,在N₂水平下有最大值;滴灌带条数和施氮量的交互作用对果枝始节果枝始节高度、吐絮初期干物质积累量和产量的影响显著。【结论】水氮空间调控会显著影响棉花群体塑造和产...     

Cu2+对中华倒刺鲃超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响

Cu2+是养殖水体的常见污染物,为了评估Cu2+对鱼类超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的影响,将中华倒刺鲃暴露于含0.01～0.32 mg/L Cu2+的水体中饲养8 d,测定肌肉、血浆及肝脏中SOD活性的变化.实验结果显示,低浓度Cu2+(0.01 mg/L)对肌肉、血浆及肝脏的SOD有诱导作用,随着处理时间的延长而升高.但当浓度较高(0.04mg/L以上)时,SOD活性均呈现先诱导后抑制的趋势.Cu2+浓度越高,SOD活性上升越急剧,出现活性抑制的时间就越提前.此外,SOD在3种组织中的分布亦存在明显差异,肝脏的SOD活性最大.这些结果表明,肝脏SOD活性更宜作为Cu2+污染的生物标记.