吉林露水河国家森林公园自然属性与生态价值评估

本文对吉林露水河国家森林公园自然资源和旅游资源现状进行了分析,评估了森林公园的自然属性和生态价值,为森林公园下一步整合优化,以及编制建设发展专项规划提供科学支撑.     

不同栽培密度对宛椒506主要农艺性状、产量及病害发生的影响

为研究不同栽培密度对宛椒506农艺性状,产量及病害发生的影响,以宛椒506为材料,设置株距分别为25cm、30cm、35cm和40cm共4个栽培密度,通过田间观察、测产及病害调查,统计宛椒506的农艺性状、产量及病害发生情况。结果表明:不同栽培密度对其均有一定的影响,随着栽培密度的增大,部分农艺性状呈逐渐降低的趋势,而病害的发生整体呈升高趋势,在产量上,前期产量随着栽培密度的增大而逐渐增加,而总产量在35cm时最高,且病害发生率相对较低。通过以上试验发病率和产量情况,得出宛椒506在株距35cm时,综合性状表现较好,建议在生产上推广应用。     

湖北省秸秆资源现状和综合利用情况分析

为了解湖北省秸秆综合利用情况,通过线上问卷和线下走访两种方式,对湖北省部分地区秸秆种类、数量和综合利用展开调查.湖北省农作物以水稻为主,占农作物种植总量的60.39％,其次是小麦、玉米和油菜.2019年湖北省秸秆资源量初步预测为4613万t,水稻是秸秆的主要来源,占秸秆资源总量的53.47％.湖北省秸秆处置方式中,还田占比40.61％,焚烧占比25.10％,饲料化占比30.84％,燃料化占比3.45％,现阶段秸秆首选处置方式为还田.分析调查问卷发现,现阶段存在着农户对秸秆资源化利用认识欠缺、对环境问题的认识不足以及技术设备不够充分等问题,结合调查结果针对问题提出相关建议.     

乡村振兴背景下加强乡风文明建设的对策研究

乡村振兴的灵魂是乡风文明,在乡村振兴战略步入新的时期,推进乡风文明建设,对于乡村振兴的发展意义重大.乡村文明建设可以为乡村振兴提供强大的文化支撑,为传承农村传统美德提供充分的人才保障.然而,我国乡村的乡风文明建设还存在着基层组织认识不足、乡风文明主体不强、农民综合素质不高、传统乡村道德面临问题等挑战.为了改变这些现状,应该加强政府主导性作用,发挥农民的主体地位,提升农民综合素质,以及加大农村精神文明道德建设来建设乡风文明从而带动乡村振兴的发展.     

UPLC-MS/MS法测定动物源性食品中16种非甾体消炎药残留量

[目的]建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)定量检测动物源性食品中16种非甾体消炎类兽药残留量的方法.[方法]样品用甲酸-水-乙腈混合溶液提取,净化后经C18色谱柱分离,UPLC-MS/MS法测定.[结果]样品由基质匹配标准曲线进行定量,所检测的16种非甾体消炎药在1～200 ng/g线性关系良好(R2>0.995).分别添加1倍定量限、2倍定量限和10倍定量限3个水平的混合标准溶液进行回收率试验,各个浓度水平加标回收率在70％～105％,相对标准偏差(RSD)均在15％以下(n=6).[结论]该方法简便、稳定、准确,具有良好的重现性,适用于测定动物源性食品中16种非甾体消炎类兽药残留量.     

化学疏花对荔枝果实品质及叶片全N含量的影响

【目的】观察喷施外源乙烯利及荔枝丰产素对荔枝花穗疏剪效果,并分析其对果实品质和叶片全N含量的影响,为科学合理运用乙烯利和荔枝丰产素进行荔枝疏花及优质高产栽培提供理论参考。【方法】采用单因素随机区组试验设计,桂味荔枝始花期树冠喷洒53mg/L（T1）、106mg/L（T2）和160mg/L（T3）的乙烯利水溶液,以及荔枝...     

Nonphytotoxic copper oxide nanoparticles are powerful “nanoweapons” that trigger resistance in tobacco against the soil-borne fungal pathogen Phytophthora nicotianae

Investigations into the potential application of nanoparticles acting as nanofungicides in sustainable agriculture are rapidly expanding due to the high antimicrobial properties of these compounds, which do not risk inducing pathogen resistance to fungicides.  A detailed understanding of the impact of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) on soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi is yet to be obtained.  This study aimed to explore the in vitro antifungal activity and control efficacy of CuO NPs applied via irrigation with respect to tobacco black shank (TBS) disease caused by Phytophthora nicotianae.  The results revealed that CuO NPs greatly interfered with the reproductive growth process of this fungus, repressing hyphal growth, spore germination and sporangium production.  Additionally, morphological damage, intracellular ROS accumulation and increased SOD enzyme activity in hyphae were the antifungicidal mechanisms of these NPs.  In pot experiments, treatment with CuO NPs at 100 mg L^–1 significantly suppressed TBS development, compared with the effect on control plants, and the control efficacy reached 33.69% without inducing phytotoxicity.  Exposure to CuO NPs significantly activated a series of defense enzymes, and resistance genes in tobacco can further explain the mechanisms by which CuO NPs suppressed fungal infection.  The Cu content in both the leaves and roots of P. nicotianae-infested plants increased by 50.03 and 27.25%, respectively, after treatment with 100 mg L^–1 CuO NPs, compared with that of healthy plants.  In particular, a higher Cu content was observed in infected roots than in leaves.  Therefore, this study showed the potential of CuO NPs applied as nanofungicides and as nanoinducers of fungus resistance genes for the management of TBS through inhibition of pathogen infection and stimulation of plant defenses.