民猪与长白猪主要组织器官生长规律研究

选择民猪和长白猪为研究对象,利用异速生长式分析两个品种1～8月龄组织器官的早熟顺序。结果表明,民猪脂肪沉积较早,在2.5～6月龄间沉积大量的脂肪,生长发育全期腹内脂肪的沉积能力突出,而长白猪在6月龄后沉积脂肪速度加快;两个品种各脂肪组织占胴体比率在6～8月龄维持不变。民猪肉、脂、骨、皮早熟性顺序为:骨骼>肌肉>皮肤>脂肪,而长白猪为:骨骼>皮肤>肌肉>脂肪;两品种猪脂肪组织早熟性顺序均为:肠系膜脂肪>皮下脂肪>肾周脂肪>大网膜脂肪。民猪内脏器官早熟性顺序为:小肠>肾>胰>肝>脾>肺>心>胃>大肠;长白猪内脏器官早熟性顺序为:小肠>肾>肝>胰>心>脾>胃>肺>大肠。     

抗寒锻炼期间三种楸树叶片激素含量变化

在抗寒锻炼期间,以梓楸、滇楸、灰楸3种楸树为材料,利用酶联免疫吸附方法(ELISA)测定其叶片内源激素IAA(吲哚乙酸)、ABA(脱落酸)、GA3(赤霉素)、ZR(玉米核苷)的含量。结果表明:抗寒锻炼期间,3种楸树叶片ABA含量基本上均呈上升趋势,其它3种激素含量变化趋势不一致。说明在抗寒锻炼期间,3种楸树的抗寒能力逐渐增加。     

Drivers,challenges and opportunities of forage technology adoption by smallholder cattle households in Cambodia

Forage technology has been successfully introduced into smallholder cattle systems in Cambodia as an alternative feed source to the traditional rice straw and native pastures, improving animal nutrition and reducing labour requirements of feeding cattle. Previous research has highlighted the positive impacts of forage technology including improved growth rates of cattle and household time savings. However, further research is required to understand the drivers, challenges and opportunities of forage technology for smallholder cattle households in Cambodia to facilitate widespread adoption and identify areas for further improvement. A survey of forage-growing households (n = 40) in July–September 2016 examined forage technology adoption experiences, including reasons for forage establishment, use of inputs and labour requirements of forage plot maintenance and use of forages (feeding, fattening, sale of grass or seedlings and silage). Time savings was reported as the main driver of forage adoption with household members spending approximately 1 h per day maintaining forages and feeding it to cattle. Water availability was reported as the main challenge to this activity. A small number of households also reported lack of labour, lack of fencing, competition from natural grasses, cost of irrigation and lack of experience as challenges to forage growing. Cattle fattening and sale of cut forage grass and seedlings was not found to be a widespread activity by interviewed households, with 25 and 10% of households reporting use of forages for these activities, respectively. Currently, opportunities exist for these households to better utilise forages through expansion of forage plots and cattle activities, although assistance is required to support these households in addressing current constraints, particularly availability of water, if the sustainability of this feed technology for smallholder cattle household is to be established in Cambodia.     

河北省小麦土传病害的发生现状及防治措施

小麦土传病害是严重影响小麦产量的根部病害。河北省小麦土传病害的种类主要包括小麦全蚀病、小麦纹枯病和小麦根腐病。详细介绍了3种土传病害的发生特点、病原菌特点及防治方法等,旨为控制小麦土传病害的发生提供参考。     

结合查新工作谈中医科研选题

结合2008-2009年河北省医学情报研究所查新咨询室所完成的河北省中医科研课题查新工作,分析中医科研选题中存在的问题,阐明中医科研选题原则,揭示中医科研的选题方法和发展方向,为中医科研人员选题提供参考。     

不同光谱能量分布对文心兰组织培养的影响

采用发光二极管(light emitting diode,LED)调制获取不同光谱能量分布的光源,以荧光灯为对照,研究其对文心兰原球茎诱导、增殖及生根组培苗生长的影响。结果表明:红光有利于原球茎的诱导,并促使原球茎产生最高的增殖系数和碳水化合物含量以及最低的分化出芽率;蓝光使原球茎产生最高的蛋白质含量、酶系活力和分化出芽率;单一红光促进文心兰生根苗茎的伸长,但不利于叶片色素的形成;单一蓝光抑制生根苗茎的伸长,促进叶片蛋白质和色素的合成;红蓝光谱分布处理的生根苗的生长量、干重、能效和酶系活力指标均高于荧光灯对照,色素含量与荧光灯对照无显著差异;红光LED促进文心兰原球茎的诱导,蓝光LED促进分化,红蓝光谱构成的LED光源更有利于生根组培苗的正常生长,是替代荧光灯的理想光源。      

Caecal disease in equids

Objective To review the breed, age, gender, clinical and laboratory findings, treatment and outcome of horses with caecal disease presented to a referral centre. Design Retrospective study of 96 cases. Procedure The breed, age, and gender of the study population were compared with the corresponding hospital population for the same period. The means (± SD) for clinical and laboratory findings were recorded for each caecal disorder. Treatment was categorised as medical or surgical, and outcome was recorded. Results Caecal diseases included impaction (40% of total cases), rupture associated with concurrent unrelated disease (13%), rupture with parturition (9%), rupture with no associated disease (5%), infarction (11%), torsion (9%), abscess or adhesion (7%), tumour (3%), and miscellaneous conditions (3%). The breed or gender of affected horses did not differ from the hospital population, although horses > 15 years were more frequently represented (P < 0.05). This age group was specifically more predisposed to caecal impaction (P < 0.05), as were Arabian, Morgan, and Appaloosa breeds (P < 0.05). In horses with caecal impaction transrectal examination was the most useful diagnostic procedure; 90% of affected horses treated medically were discharged while horses treated by typhlotomy alone, or typhlotomy and blind end ileocolostomy, had survival rates to discharge of 71% and 86%, respectively. Horses with caecal rupture associated with concurrent un-related disease showed no signs of impending rupture; all were receiving phenylbutazone, all were euthanased, and 50% had caecal ulceration at necropsy. Of horses with caecal rupture with parturition 56% had prior dystocia; in two-thirds the site of rupture was the ileocaecal junction and all were euthanased. Horses with caecal rupture with no associated disease died or were euthanased; rupture was idiopathic. Horses with caecal infarction usually had signs of abdominal pain and abdominal fluid changes consistent with peritonitis; transrectal examination was nonspecific, and typhlectomy was successful in seven of eight horses. Horses with caecal torsion had signs of severe, acute abdominal pain and typhlectomy was successful in three of five horses. Diagnosis of caecal adhesion or abscess was assisted by transrectal palpation in two of seven horses and surgical treatment was successful in two of five horses. A caecal tumour was diagnosed in three horses aged 20 years or older that presented with chronic weight loss. Other caecal diseases were uncommon. Conclusion Caecal disease is uncommon in equids but some specific features of the history and physical findings can alert the veterinarian to the possibility of caecal involvement in horses with gastrointestinal dysfunction. Medical or surgical therapy can be effective in horses where caecal rupture has not occurred.     

Action potential and contraction of Dionaea muscipula (Venus flytrap)

Observation of the action potential and contraction of the leaf of Dionaea muscipula Ellis revealed several interesting phenomena. Two successive stimuli are generally necessary to cause contraction. The first and ineffective stimulus is associated with slow depolarization. The second stimulus has much more rapid depolarization and initiates contraction.     

不同配置方式林草地对土壤表层含水量的影响

以地处阴山北麓丘陵区化德县七号镇为研究区,选择相互毗邻的、配置方式不同的林草地,在距地表30 cm深处采集土样,并测其含水量.结果表明:(1)草地土壤表层含水量总体高于灌木林地和乔木林地,自然草地高于人工草地和耕地.(2)平地柠条林地土壤表层含水量高于坡梁地,坡梁地上坡位土壤表层含水量不及中、下坡位.(3)柠条灌木林地耐旱性能较好,灌草带状相间是主要配置方式,造林密度以灌木带宽1 m,带间距6～8m宽为宜.(4)不同植被类型生态耗水量不同,耗水量大的植被会吸收利用毗邻耗水量小的植被地块的土壤水分.因此,半干旱区要因地制宜选择适宜的植被类型、科学的配置方式以及合理的管理措施,以减少土壤水分过度消耗,为即将开启的新一轮退耕还林草工程提供科学依据.     

山羊促甲状腺素β亚基基因(TSHB) cDNA克隆 与组织表达研究

促甲状腺素β亚基基因(TSHB)主要表达于动物垂体腺,其表达受到光照周期调控并且与动物季节性繁殖活动密切相关.本实验以济宁青山羊和辽宁绒山羊为研究对象,运用RT-PCR方法克隆获得山羊TSHB基因部分cDNA序列(GenBank No.:JQ937288),并使用RT-PCR与荧光定量PCR技术检测TSHB基因在济宁青山羊与辽宁绒山羊下丘脑-垂体-卵巢繁殖轴及其他组织的表达分布情况.结果表明,山羊TSHB基因编码区417bp,编码含有138个氨基酸的蛋白质;各哺乳动物间TSHB基因高度保守,山羊与绵羊、牛TSHB基因同源性最高,达99％;另外,两品种山羊TSHB基因均在垂体中高表达,在济宁青山羊下丘脑、卵巢及海马等组织低度表达,而在辽宁绒山羊下丘脑低度表达,两品种其他组织均没有表达.非繁殖季节济宁青山羊垂体TSHB基因表达水平是辽宁绒山羊的1.6倍(P=0.061),其对季节性繁殖的调控功能值得进一步研究.本研究首次对山羊TSHB基因cDNA序列进行了克隆和表达分析,研究结果对山羊繁殖调控具有重要意义.