新型苹果品质改良剂的作用效果研究

当前果园生产中促进苹果果实着色使用最广泛的技术是套袋,但又因其需要大量劳动力和影响果实内在品质,降低耐储性等问题,需要有新的方法能达到与其相似的作用效果。为解决这一问题,该试验在苹果优生区陕西省白水进行了田间试验,以期探索一种更为高效省力、安全环保、逐步替代苹果套袋的新技术。试验以二氢茉莉酸甲酯(MDJ)和香草醛为主成分的2种苹果专用品质改良剂(TR1、TR2)为试材,并与靓钛肥(TR3)及市场上流行的稀土高科肥(TR4)进行比较,通过测定相关指标,探讨其对8年生中熟"玉华早富"苹果果实品质的作用效果。结果表明:2种品质改良剂与同类产品相比,均能有效促进中熟苹果果皮着色,改善果形及亮度,显著提高果实糖酸比,增加维生素C和钾含量;同时对果形指数、可溶性固形物含量、硬度也有促进作用;综上,2种苹果品质改良剂在中熟品种"玉华早富"上应用效果更好,能够同时改善果实风味、营养及贮藏品质,促进果实着色;且其作用效果与含钛(Ti)叶面肥相接近,具有市场推广价值。     

Soil nitrogen and denitrification potential as affected by land use and stand age following agricultural abandonment in a headwater catchment

Changes in vegetation and soil properties because of agricultural abandonment may affect soil nitrogen (N) and associated processes. We investigated soil N (total N: TN, inorganic N: NH₄–N and NO₃–N) and denitrification potential in cropland, pine plantations and abandoned agricultural land along a secondary succession sequence (grassland→shrubland→secondary forest) in a headwater catchment in the Qinling Mountains, northwest China. The results show that the soil denitrification potential differed significantly among the five land‐use types with the highest potential in the secondary forest, followed by grassland, shrubland, cropland and plantations. The denitrification potential of the 20‐ to 40‐cm layer was significantly lower compared with the topsoil (0–20 cm) across all land‐use types. TN, soil organic matter (SOM) and NH₄–N increased significantly with stand age, whereas there was an opposite trend in soil pH. However, the denitrification potential did not relate to stand age in a linear manner. We conclude that changes in soil TN, SOM and pH during vegetation succession following agricultural abandonment are critical controls on the denitrification potential.     

干旱胁迫下八棱海棠中丙二醛及质膜透性的变化

以盆栽八棱海棠幼苗为试材,保持45%～50%土壤含水量进行中度干旱处理,研究干旱胁迫过程中丙二醛和质膜透性的动态变化与八棱海棠的抗旱关系。结果表明:八棱海棠在中等干旱胁迫下,叶片的质膜透性和丙二醛含量均随干旱胁迫时间的延长而增大,但质膜透性在前4d增加较慢,第5天开始明显增加;而丙二醛在前5d增加较慢,5d后增加较大。前期还能抵抗一定的干旱胁迫的强度,当超过一定强度时,细胞大量坏死,植物受到严重伤害甚至死亡。     

百合种球采收及冷处理技术——以隆德县繁育的百合种球为例

介绍了冷凉地区繁育的百合种球的采收和冷处理技术,包括采收时间和标准、挖球、冷库消毒及摆放等.     

松阿扁叶蜂生物学特性及防治技术研究

松阿扁叶蜂是目前商洛市油松林重要食叶害虫,严重威胁油松林的生长发育。定点研究了其生物学特性、发生危害规律,开展了防治试验。松阿扁叶蜂在商洛林区1年发生1代,由幼虫越冬。其危害油松纯林重于混交林;立地条件较好的油松林分重于立地条件差的林分。喷施森得保粉剂（2.25 kg/hm2）、1.2%苦.烟乳油1 000~1 200倍液、3%高渗苯氧威乳油3 500~4 500倍液均可取得良好防效。     

蜡蚧轮枝菌防治植物病虫害研究进展

蜡蚧轮枝菌在蔬菜病虫害防治中有很大开发潜力。就蜡蚧轮枝菌的致病性、环境条件对其生长的影响、储藏期存活率及在生产中应用的概况的研究进展进行了综述。研究进展表明,该种真菌既可以防治粉虱、蚜虫、蓟马等蔬菜害虫,又可以防治蔬菜的白粉病、锈病等。     

纳米TiO2悬浮液对烟草青枯菌杀菌活性的研究

纳米T iO2是一种半导体光催化剂,在近紫外光的激发下,可以产生强的杀菌活性。以烟草青枯菌P seudomonas solanacearum为试验对象,采用平板稀释法对自制的纳米T iO2悬浮液进行杀菌活性测定。结果表明:在阳光或汞灯下照射4h后,T iO2对烟草青枯菌的杀菌率可达90%以上。说明用纳米T iO2防治烟草青枯病具有一定的可行性。     

肾型传染性支气管炎病毒对鸡嘌呤代谢的影响研究

用T株肾型传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)人工感染14日龄非免疫土种鸡建立感染模型,于攻毒前、攻毒后48 h、72 h、96 h、120 h 采集血样,测定血浆黄嘌呤氧化酶(xanthine oxidase, XOD)活性,探索鸡嘌呤代谢变化与肾型IBV致病机理之间的关系.结果表明,与攻毒前相比较, 攻毒后48 h和72 h血浆XOD活性明显增强, 差异显著(P<0.01,P<0.05).结果提示,XOD活性升高引起的嘌呤代谢紊乱可能是鸡肾型IB的病理机制之一.     

Deoxyribozyme inhibits the proliferation of human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells

AIM: To observe the inhibition effects of 10-23 deoxyribozyme (DNAzyme) specific to human proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) gene on the proliferation of human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (HUASMC) in vitro. METHODS: Using lipofectamine (Lip)-mediated method, the DNAzyme specific to PCNA was introduced into HUASMC. ［3H］-TdR incorporation was determined. The cell proliferation was examined by MTT assay and cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: ［3H］-TdR incorporation in 1.0 μmol/L DNAzyme group was lower than that in control group (P<0.05) at 2 days after transfection. Compared with control group, the A value of MTT cholorimetric analysis decreased in 1.0 μmol/L DNAzyme group and antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) group, at 2, 3 and 5 days after transfection significantly (P<0.01). The decrease in A value showed a dose-dependent manner within the experimental range at 5 days. After 2 days, the percentage of quiescence cells (G0/G1) was 73.8%, 54.7% and 41.1% in DNAzyme, ASODN and control groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: The DNAzyme specific to PCNA suppresses the proliferation of HUASMC effectively in vitro.     

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induce apoptosis in implanted hepatoma of mice

AIM: To study the mechanism of the effect of NSAIDs on apoptosis in mice hepatoma at anti-inflammatory doses. METHODS: Kunming breed mice were inoculated subcutaneously in the flank with mice hepatoma H22 cell line. The effects of ibuprofen, indomethacin, and nimesulide on apoptosis were determined by using electron microscopy, agarose gel electrophoresis, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis of the expression of c-myc, bcl-x_L and bcl-2 proteins. RESULTS: NSAIDs induced apoptosis of mice implanted hepatoma, which includes the morphological changes such as reduction in the volume, and the nuclear chromatin condensation, as well as the "ladder pattern" revealed by agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA. The apoptotic index was increased to 15%±1.0%, 29.7%±1.5%, 46.3%±3.5% from 3.3%±0.6% by detecting Sub-G₁ peaks on flow cytometry. Western blot analysis showed that levels of bcl-2 and bcl-x_L were significantly reduced by treatment with nimesulide. Ibuprofen and indomethacin decreased bcl-2 expression but increased bcl-x_L expression. C-myc wasn't changed in these groups. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that NSAIDs induces apoptosis of mice hepatoma, which may be due to their regulation on the expressions of bcl-2 family genes.