悬铃木叶片再生体系的建立

以悬铃木为试验材料 ,系统地研究了激素浓度、叶片生理状态、光照条件等诸多因素对叶片再生的影响 ,建立了悬铃木叶片外植体的不定芽高频再生体系。研究结果表明 ,以顶部充分伸展的 4 0d叶龄的无菌苗叶片为外植体 ,再生效果最好 ,将此类叶片放在含 1 5mg·L- 1 6 -BA ,0 5mg·L- 1 IBA和 0 5mg·L- 1 KT的MS分化培养基上 ,暗培养 7d后转到光下培养 ,15d后便可见到不定芽不经过或经过很少的愈伤组织阶段 ,直接从叶片上分化产生 ,出现的高峰期在接种后的 2 0～ 30d ,芽分化率高达 98%以上。待小芽长至 1～ 2cm ,将其从叶片上切下 ,转到芽伸长培养基 (MS 0 3mg·L- 1 6 -BA 0 0 5mg·L- 1 NAA 30mg·L- 1 Ad)上使小芽长大成苗 ,最后移到生根培养基(1 2MS 0 1mg·L - 1NAA)上 ,最终得到完整的植株。该再生体系可作为基因转化的受体系统。     

Organic phosphorus mineralization characteristics in sediments from the coastal salt marshes of a Chinese delta under simulated tidal cycles

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Sediment organic phosphorus (OP) mineralization plays an important role in phosphorus cycling in coastal salt marshes. However, information on OP mineralization...     

烟蚜茧蜂Aphidius gifuensis滞育诱导研究

研究了不同温度、光周期以及温光组合条件对烟蚜茧蜂滞育诱导的效果。结果表明,僵蚜形成前,各种温度、光周期及温光组合条件均著的作用。僵蚜形成后,低温可大量诱导产生滞育,０℃处理３０ｄ,６０％以上个体进入滞育,而光周期的诱导作用仍不明显。作者认为你温是引起烟蚜茧蜂滞育的主要因素,处理的敏感时期为老熟幼虫－预肾期。滞育虫态为肾。     

畜禽肉重金属污染来源及监控措施

随着现代工业的发展,重金属污染引起的人类和动物疾病备受关注,畜禽肉在人类食物构成中占有重要地位,随着生活水平的提高,人们对安全、无污染畜禽肉生产的意识不断加强,对畜禽肉的要求已从量的满足转变为质的需求,食品重金属污染问题已引起全世界的高度重视和深入研究。该文从重金属对人体的危害、重金属污染来源、畜禽肉重金属残留相应监控措施等方面进行阐述,以期为畜禽肉质量安全监管提供参考。     

Responses of soil bacterial communities,enzyme activities,and nutrients to agricultural-to-natural ecosystem conversion in the Loess Plateau,China

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Soil microbial communities play critical function during nutrient cycling. However, with the increasing nutrient input into terrestrial ecosystems from human...     

基于RS和GIS的松辽平原黑土信息提取

为保护黑土资源并使其可持续利用,基于ASTER数据采用多元逐步回归方法估算了黑土有机质含量,利用决策二叉树方法和DEM数据等提取了黑土信息。结果表明：基于ASTER数据可快速有效地提取黑土信息;当土壤有机质质量分数低于2%时,估算有机质的模型精度受到土壤反射特性的制约而误差较大;在GIS支持下充分利用辅助信息可提高黑土的提取精度,使提取的黑土信息更准确可靠;根据研究得到松辽平原黑土带北起黑河市,南至昌图县,现有黑土总面积51 360.15 km2,其中黑龙江、吉林、辽宁省的黑土面积依次递减,分别是35 3     

不同施肥处理对水稻产量、食味品质及蛋白质组分的影响

对粳稻品种津原45进行5种不同类型肥料的田间试验,研究了5种不同施肥处理对水稻产量、品质、淀粉谱特性及蛋白质组分的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,采用不同施肥处理对水稻有显著的增产作用,各施肥处理分别增产20.42%-56.94%;处理Ⅱ（常规施肥）获得了最高的产量;处理Ⅳ（拟日本稻作法）增产最少;处理Ⅲ（有机肥）和处理Ⅴ（东洋生物肥）的稻米产量略低于处理Ⅱ。直链淀粉含量在各处理间差异显著,蛋白质含量无显著差异。处理Ⅳ的崩解值最高,为84.58RVU,消减值最低,仅为10.00RVU,食味值为65.5,食味最好;处理Ⅱ的崩解值最低,为67.75RVU,消减值最高为23.50 RVU,食味值为54.0,食味最差。各蛋白质组分含量与食味值的相关均未达到显著水平,醇溶蛋白含量与最高粘度和最终粘度呈显著负相关,谷蛋白含量与最高粘度呈显著负相关,其他蛋白质组分含量与淀粉谱特性中的各项指标间相关均未达到显著水平。处理Ⅲ（有机肥）和处理Ⅴ（东洋生物肥）较好地兼顾了产量和品质,是较为可行的施肥方法。     

受迫振动深松机性能参数优化与试验

为解决目前深松作业机具耕作阻力大、深松深度不稳定、耕作质量不高的问题,该文采用振动减阻原理设计研制了受迫振动深松机。通过分析深松铲的结构和运动过程,建立深松铲的数学模型;确定影响深松牵引阻力的参数;采用正交试验方法得出影响受迫振动参数的最优组合:前进速度2 km/h,振动频率为10 Hz,振动角度为12°。为了验证性能参数最优组合的正确性,开展了受迫振动深松机性能参数检测试验。试验结果表明:振动深松前后,土壤各土层容重均下降,表层土下降达21.74%;在15~25 cm土层含水率增加16.02%;深松后地表平整,耕深稳定变异系数为7.37%,稳定性系数92.63%,振动深松作业后测得土壤扰动系数为57.11%,土壤蓬松度为36.96%,土壤蓬松度和扰动系数均达测试指标的要求。采用受迫振动能使振动深松机显著降低牵引阻力9.09%,减阻效果明显。该研究对深松机振动特性分析与性能参数设计提供了参考。     

Survey of mycotic mastitis in dairy cows from Heilongjiang Province, China

A survey of the prevalence rate, pathogenic subspecies, and risk factors of mycotic mastitis in dairy cows from Heilongjiang Province, China, was conducted. Milk samples from 412 cows with chronic mastitis were collected and cultured on 8 % sheep blood agar, MacConkey agar, and Sabouraud agar with chloramphenicol. Counting of the morphologically distinct colonies was performed, as well as the isolation and identification of organisms through phenotypical and physiological criteria. Four hundred seventy-eight aerobic microorganisms were isolated. Yeasts and yeast-like fungi 35.6 % (170/478) and bacteria 64.4 % (308/478) were isolated. The fungal isolates were identified as Candida (79.4 %), Trichosporon (5.9 %), Aspergillus (7.1 %), Cryptococcus (2.4 %), and Rhodotorula (4.1 %). More than ten species of yeast were isolated including Candida krusei 50/135 (37 %), Candida rugosa 16/135 (11.9 %), and Candida lusitaniae 15/135 (11.1 %). A higher positivity (18.5 and 56.3 %) (P ≤0.05) was observed in cows from environmental temperatures of 0–15 and 15–35 °C than those at <0 °C and in cows affected by the disease for >45 and 30–45 days compared with cows suffering 10–30 days. Meanwhile, a statistically significant difference (44.9 vs. 31.4 %) (P ≤0.05) was observed under extensive raising systems vs. intensive raising systems. It appears that Candida is a major pathogen of mycotic mastitis of dairy cows. Extensive raising system, high environmental temperature (15–35 °C), and the duration of the disease (>30 days) were important risk factors of the incidence of mycotic mastitis. Here, we provide a theoretical foundation for research into preventing and treating mycotic mastitis of dairy cows in China.