茶树病虫害识别防治信息查询系统的开发

本文应用VB6.0开发茶树病虫害识别防治信息查询系统,该查询系统界面友好、使用方便、共收入茶树病虫害77种.其中病害24种,叶部病害11种,枝部病害8种,根部病害5种;虫害53种,食叶性害虫24种,刺吸式害虫18种,钻蛀性害虫7种,地下害虫4种.该系统通过安装向导创建安装程序后即可使用,适合基层农技推广人员、茶农及科研人员作信息查询使用.     

干番茄渣代替豆粕对肉牛瘤胃发酵和氮代谢的影响

干番茄渣可用于反刍动物的替代营养饲料。据有限的文献资料显示,用干番茄渣代替豆粕会降低瘤胃发酵和微生物合成能力。在本试验中,用装瘤胃瘘管的肉牛来验证用干番茄渣代替豆粕是否会对采食、瘤胃发酵和氮代谢造成影响。用拉丁方设计饲喂试验,受试牛分别饲喂混入3.2%、8.0%和11.2%干番茄渣的全混日粮。结果发现,用干番茄渣代替饲料中豆粕不影响采食量,但是改变了瘤胃发酵指标,即增加干番茄渣摄入量导致瘤胃pH值升高和氨浓度增加,并且呈摄入量依赖性增加,但是挥发性脂肪酸浓度和瘤胃微生物数量并未改变;饲料中添加高水平干番茄渣使血液中尿素浓度呈线性、剂量依赖性增加。很明显,胃肠道对中性和耐酸纤维的总消化率并未受番茄渣的影响。饲喂番茄渣增加了粪氮的排泄,从而降低了尿氮的排泄量。用干番茄渣代替豆粕影响肉牛瘤胃发酵和氮的代谢,但是实际上对反刍动物生产性能的影响还不能确定。     

猪瘟病毒C株检测用国家核酸标准物质的研制

为研制均匀、稳定的猪瘟病毒（CSFV）核酸标准物质,选择CSFV C株接种于PK-15细胞并收获病毒液,然后经过病毒灭活、分装、冻干,最终形成核酸标准物质。用微滴式数字PCR对制备的CSFV标准物质进行均匀性和稳定性评估、标准物质合作定值,在评定不确定度后计算得出最终量值结果,并开展临床试用。结果显示,该标准物质均匀,4 ℃条件下可稳定存放4周,25 ℃可稳定存放1周,-20 ℃可稳定存放11个月,量值结果为（5.1±0.7）×105 copies/mg;临床试用显示,所制备的标准物质与临床样本的互通性良好。本研究制备的CSFV C株国家核酸标准物质均一性良好、稳定、量值准确度高,并通过了全国标准物质管理委员会评定,可用于动物及动物产品质量安全检测,从而有效保障猪瘟防治工作的开展。     

西安地区鸵鸟养殖现状调查

简述了国内外鸵鸟养殖概况 ,通过对西安地区 5个公司的鸵鸟养殖场中的饲养管理、繁育、疾病防治及产品开发等的调查和分析 ,提出了西安地区在鸵鸟养殖方面存在的问题及我国鸵鸟养殖业的发展对策     

蛋氨酸的功能及代谢吸收过程

本文介绍了蛋氨酸的功能,并且详细阐述了蛋氨酸的代谢过程和吸收过程,为合理调控蛋氨酸在动物体内的吸收代谢和在饲料中添加蛋氨酸提供了理论依据。     

母猪饲粮添加甜菜碱对巴马香猪哺乳仔猪血液指标的影响

本试验旨在研究母猪饲粮添加甜菜碱对巴马香猪哺乳仔猪血液指标的影响。选取3~7胎次妊娠巴马香猪40头,随机分为2组,每组20头,单栏饲养。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加3.5 kg/t甜菜碱。试验期为母猪配种后第3天至分娩后第21天。试验结束时,从每组随机选取10窝仔猪,每窝选取1头仔猪采血,测定血浆激素含量、抗氧化指标和游离氨基酸含量。结果表明:与对照组相比,甜菜碱组哺乳仔猪血浆胆囊收缩素(CCK)、酪酪肽(PYY)、瘦素(LEP)、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H2 O2)和丙氨酸(Ala)含量显著降低(P<0.05),血浆鹅肌肽(Ans)、1-甲基组氨酸(1⁃MeHis)和3-甲基组氨酸(3⁃MeHis)含量显著升高(P<0.05),血浆苏氨酸(Thr)(P=0.069)、谷氨酸(Glu)(P=0.055)和肌肽(Car)(P=0.055)含量呈下降趋势,血浆亮氨酸(Leu)含量呈升高趋势(P=0.069)。综上所述,母猪饲粮添加甜菜碱可降低哺乳仔猪血浆摄食相关因子水平,减弱机体的氧化水平,改变血浆游离氨基酸含量,有利于仔猪的生长发育与机体健康。     

Nutritional interventions to prevent and rear low‐birthweight piglets

Selection for hyperprolific sows, as a means of increasing litter size and profit, has resulted in an increased number of low‐birthweight (LBW) piglets. These LBW piglets might suffer from increased morbidity and mortality during the early neonatal period. In addition, they show reduced growth performance, meat and carcass quality, which leads to an important economic loss for the farmer in the post‐natal period. Therefore, nutritional interventions can be undertaken to prevent and rear LBW piglets. In the first part of this review, the preventive strategies at the sow level will be discussed. Approaches in preventing LBW piglets are to optimize the intrauterine environment via supplementing the sow during gestation. In the second part of this review, the interventions at the piglet level will be described. To increase the survival and growth rates of LBW piglets, one must focus on ensuring adequate colostrum and milk intake. Interventions include supplementing piglets, split nursing, split weaning and cross‐fostering. Additional interventions increasing the probability of optimal post‐natal food intake will be discussed.     

Effect of intratesticular inoculation with Aujeszky's disease virus on genital organs of boars

Ten 8-10-month-old Belgian Landrace boars were intratesticularly inoculated with 500 TCID50 of a virulent Belgian Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) isolate (75V19) in 0.1 ml volume. One control boar was similarly inoculated with phosphate-buffered saline solution. The genital organs of six inoculated boars were examined by virus isolation and immunofluorescence. In spite of high virus titers, the fluorescence in the testicles remained limited to a few small foci in the interstitial connective tissue and tunica albuginea at or close to the inoculation site. Neither virus replication, necrosis nor inflammatory lesions could be demonstrated in the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules. However, virus replication was regularly demonstrated in the serosa covering testicles, plexus pampiniformis, ductus deferens and tunica vaginalis. Virus was also isolated from the scrotal fluid. It is suggested that the serosa is the primary target tissue for ADV. The other four boars were inoculated to study the effect of ADV on semen. Severe morphologic alteration and lowered sperm cell concentrations were observed during several weeks after inoculation or until slaughter at 47, 53 and 58 days post inoculation. Virus was isolated from semen of only two out of four boars examined at 9 and 10 days post inoculation.     

In vitro dose–response of carvacrol, thymol, eugenol and trans-cinnamaldehyde and interaction of combinations for the antimicrobial activity against the pig gut flora

In vitro simulations of the gastric and small intestinal fermentation with varying doses of carvacrol, thymol, eugenol and trans-cinnamaldehyde and binary combinations thereof were carried out to calculate dose–response equations for the antimicrobial effect against the main pig gut flora components. Interaction effects were evaluated following the isobole method. In gastric simulations eugenol and trans-cinnamaldehyde showed clearly less inhibitory activity towards lactobacilli than carvacrol and thymol, which could also be observed in the small intestinal simulations. The minimum concentration for carvacrol, thymol, eugenol and trans-cinnamaldehyde in small intestinal simulations to reduce the number of total anaerobic bacteria compared to control with a probability of 99.7% was 255, 258, 223 and 56 mg/l respectively. This strong activity of trans-cinnamaldehyde was due to its effect against coliform bacteria; a dose of 104 mg/l gave a reduction of 1 log CFU/ml vs. 371, 400 and 565 mg/l for carvacrol, thymol and eugenol respectively. Few combinations demonstrated synergism; most mixtures showed zero interaction or antagonism. Only carvacrol + thymol was slightly synergistic.     

油罐内浮盘密封失效原因与预防措施

针对油罐内浮盘密封失效问题逐渐凸显的现状,分析了内浮盘静、动密封与油气空间的关系,总结了油罐内浮盘密封失效的主要表现,静密封失效包括:内浮盘盖板搭接面间出现缝隙孔洞,密封胶囊或舌形密封带与内浮盘外边缘间的挟紧部位出现缝隙,防旋导管与内浮盘盖板间不密封,浮盘自动通气孔、人孔与盖板间不密封;动密封失效包括:密封胶囊或舌形密封带与罐内壁间密封性能差,量油导管与量油导管护筒盖间的密封性能差,浮盘人孔盖与人孔座间的密封性能差,防旋转钢丝绳松紧度不满足浮盘安全运行要求。基于设计、施工、使用、检修4个环节分析归纳了内浮盘密封失效的原因,提出了优化设计、控制施工质量、控制内浮盘制造安装质量、内浮盘定期检测与管理、规范检修作业等预防措施。