葡萄枝屑栽培平菇的产量及营养成分效应研究

为解决平菇栽培原料供应价格飙升、供应紧张的现状,以平菇为试材,在平菇栽培培养料中按不同比例添加葡萄枝屑(0、30%、50%、70%),研究葡萄枝屑对平菇菌丝体生长、子实体产量及子实体营养成分的影响。先将葡萄枝屑、玉米芯、土霉素药渣等原料按不同比例浸泡混匀,装袋培养灰色平菇栽培种,采用柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱法测定平菇子实体氨基酸含量,按照国家标准测定方法测定平菇中微量元素含量。结果表明:添加适宜比例葡萄枝屑栽培平菇,菌丝体长势强,生长速率高,菌丝洁白、粗壮、紧密;添加葡萄枝屑可显著提高平菇产量,其中以添加50%葡萄枝屑的平菇产量最高(324.0 g/袋),且加入葡萄枝屑3个处理的生物学效率为90.3%~99.7%;添加葡萄枝屑可提高平菇子实体中铁、锌、硼等微量元素的含量;4个基质配方栽培的平菇基本能满足人体对必需氨基酸的搭配需求,且添加葡萄枝屑栽培的平菇赖氨酸含量显著高于不添加葡萄枝屑的对照。因此,加入葡萄枝屑可提高平菇的产量及微量元素含量,满足人体对必需氨基酸的需求。     

Genetic screening of FecB,FecXG and FecXI mutations and their linkage with litter size in Barki and Rahmani sheep breeds

Characterization of fecundity genes offers the opportunity to improve production efficiency, and the consequent increase in litter size in livestock industry, through utilizing them in breeding programs. The main objective of this study was to detect the BMPR‐IB, BMP15 and GDF9 gene mutations and to investigate whether these mutations are associated with litter size in Egyptian sheep breeds. To achieve this goal, 73 adult ewes representing Barki (n = 33) and Rahmani (n = 40) breeds were used. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) screening approach was used to detect the presence of FecB, FecX^G and FecX^I mutations in the two selected breeds. Results of this study showed that the three different candidate gene mutations, namely FecB, FecX^G and FecX^I are not present among these selected populations of the Egyptian breeds. Further studies regarding other mutations and/or other genes, which may influence ovulation rate, should be carried out to determine the type and mode of inheritance of such genes in Egyptian sheep breeds.     

Frequency of pancreatic amyloid deposition in cats from south-eastern Queensland

Summary Stereological procedures were used to estimate the amount of amyloid deposition in the pancreatic islets of 83 cats from random sources in south-eastern Queensland. Most had only minor deposits of less than 20% of islet volume (median 9%), but deposits equal to more than 50% of the islet volume were found in 10% of the cats. Amyloid deposition in pancreatic islets was correlated with the age of the cat. Although similar observations have been made previously in cats from the USA, the frequency of amyloid deposition was higher in this population of cats from south-eastern Queensland.     

Novel polymorphism of the canine dopamine receptor D4 gene intron II region

Various dog breeds are remarkably different from each other not only in their sizes and shapes but also in behavioral traits, suggesting that some of these characteristics are under genetic control. However, little is known about genes related to behavioral traits in canine species. In humans, it has been reported that the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) includes polymorphism at several regions that relate to personality or psychiatric disorders. In an earlier study by the authors of the present study, the polymorphisms in canine DRD4 exon III and exon I regions were reported. In the present study, a novel polymorphism in canine DRD4 intron II was found based on a 17 base pair insertion/deletion, and the two alleles detected were named P (shorter allele) and Q (longer allele). The allelic distribution in 28 breeds of dog, including a total of 1114 unrelated individuals, were then investigated. Both P and Q alleles were detected in most of the breeds investigated; however, the frequencies of P and Q differed greatly between breeds. With respect to classification based on breed origin, P and Q alleles were frequent in Occidental and Oriental breeds, respectively. Furthermore, two subspecies of wolves, the ancestors of dogs, were analyzed for the comparison of allele frequencies with dogs, and the P allele was predominant in both European and Chinese wolves.     

新疆天然甜型葡萄酒原料种植区划研究

运用层次分析法和模糊数学综合评判方法,根据石河子、昌吉、吐鲁番等8个地区的无霜期、温度、积温和降水因素,建立了数学模型,并对新疆天然甜型葡萄酒原料种植区域进行了区划研究.结果表明:吐鲁番的综合评价最高,其次为和田,评价值分别为0.97和0.91,属非常适宜种植区;哈密和喀什的评价值分别为0.81和0.87,属适宜种植区;库尔勒的为0.71,属次适宜种植区,而石河子、昌吉和霍城的评价值均小于0.59,属不适宜种植区.     

含氮、磷、钾吸水保水剂的合成与性能研究

采用自由基聚合法,以过硫酸钾为引发剂,磷酸酯淀粉与丙烯酸钠和丙烯酸钾进行接枝共聚,合成了含磷、钾的高吸水树脂;磷酸酯淀粉与低中和度的丙烯酸接枝共聚合成的高吸水树脂用氨水浸泡,自然凉干得到含氮、磷、钾的高吸水树脂,详细考察了丙烯酸的中和度对吸水保水剂吸液性能的影响。通过实验得到了合成该吸水保水剂的适宜条件。     

辣椒新品种华美105的选育

华美105是以自交系HA015为母本,以抗CMV的株系LR002为父本杂交育成的螺丝形羊角椒。早熟,从定植到始收45 d(天)左右,首花节位在第9～10节。植株健壮,生长势强,叶片小,节间短,耐低温弱光。连续坐果能力强,单株结果 25～30个,单果质量80～120 g,产量稳定在8 500 kg·(667 m~2)~(-1)以上。青熟果深渌色,老熟果红色,辣味中等,肉质脆嫩,市场接受度高。田间对CMV和疫病的抗性强于对照陇椒3号。适合北方早春、秋延后、越冬设施及南方露地栽培。     

寒冷干旱地区日光温室结构的优化设计

应用ANSYS有限元软件对寒冷干旱的呼和浩特地区常用的节能型日光温室结构进行了三维分析,研究了日光温室在作物载荷与雪载,南风载荷和北风载荷三种不利载荷组合情况下的受力,然后对日光温室的前、后屋面角、弦杆弧度和结构杆件的截面尺寸进行了优化设计.优化后的温室结构与优化前相比可节省用钢量约1.43kg/m2;温室的全部结构杆件均采用标准钢材确定,利于采购和日光温室的建造;前、后屋面角经优化后对温室内部采光也较有利.     

单宁和聚乙二醇对绵羊和山羊瘤胃纤维降解菌数量的影响

本文旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平的单宁和高单宁饲粮条件下添加聚乙二醇( PEG )对绵羊和山羊瘤胃纤维降解菌数量的影响。试验选用1.5岁、体重约45 kg、安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的绵羊和绒山羊各4只,采用自身对照试验设计,分4期进行。第1期饲喂基础饲粮(Ⅰ组),第2期在基础饲粮中添加2%的单宁(Ⅱ组),第3期在基础饲粮中添加6%的单宁(Ⅲ组),第4期在基础饲粮中添加6%单宁+12% PEG(Ⅳ组)。每期试验30 d,其中预试期12 d,正试期18 d。每个正试期第1天,采集绵羊和山羊瘤胃内容物,测定瘤胃液pH、氨态氮( NH3-N)和菌体蛋白( MCP)浓度;运用实时定量PCR技术对固相、液相及全食糜中所附着的白色瘤胃球菌、黄色瘤胃球菌、产琥珀酸拟杆菌进行定量检测。结果表明：1)与Ⅰ组相比,添加6%单宁显著降低了山羊瘤胃液NH3-N浓度和绵羊瘤胃液MCP浓度( P<0.05)。添加6%单宁+12% PEG后,这2个指标恢复至与Ⅰ组相当的水平。2)与Ⅰ组相比,添加6%单宁显著降低了绵羊和山羊瘤胃固相、绵羊瘤胃液相白色瘤胃球菌数量( P<0.05);添加2%和6%单宁显著降低了绵羊和山羊固相黄色瘤胃球菌数量( P<0.05),添加6%单宁显著降低了绵羊和山羊瘤胃液相黄色瘤胃球菌数量( P<0.05);添加6%单宁显著降低了绵羊和山羊瘤胃固相、绵羊全食糜产琥珀酸拟杆菌数量( P<0.05)。添加6%单宁+12% PEG后,绵羊和山羊瘤胃这3株纤维降解菌数量恢复至Ⅰ组水平或高于Ⅰ组。由此可见,饲粮单宁添加量达到6%时降低了瘤胃液NH3-N的浓度,影响MCP的合成,抑制瘤胃固相纤维降解菌的增殖;添加PEG可以削弱单宁对瘤胃纤维降解菌生长的负面影响,促进瘤胃发酵。