Late onset cerebellar cortical degeneration in a koala

A 10-year-old male koala started to fall from the tree while sleeping. Subsequently, the koala often fell down while walking and showed a gait abnormality, abnormal nystagmus and hypersalivation. At 12 years of age, the koala became ataxic and seemed blind. At 13 years of age, the koala exhibited signs of dysstasia and was euthanased. Necropsy revealed marked symmetrical atrophy of the cerebellum. Histopathologically, a severe loss of Purkinje and granule cells was evident in the cerebellum, while the molecular layer was more cellular than normal with cells resembling small neurons, which were positively stained with parvalbumin immunohistochemistry. Reactive Bergmann glial cells (astrocytes) were present adjacent to the depleted Purkinje cell zone. The very late onset and slow progression of the cerebellar cortical degeneration in this case is particularly interesting and appears to be the first report in the koala.     

Interobserver Repeatability of Measurements on Computed Tomography Images of Lax Canine Hip Joints from Youth to Maturity

Objectives— To determine interobserver repeatability of measurements on computed tomography (CT) images of lax canine hip joints at different ages and in the presence of degenerative joint disease at maturity. Study Design— Longitudinal observational investigation. Animals— Sibling crossbreed hounds. Methods— Pelvic CT was performed at 20, 24, 32, 48, 68, and 104 weeks of age. Measures were performed on 3 contiguous two‐dimensional (2D) transverse CT images of both hips at each time point by 3 investigators. Center‐edge angle (CEA), horizontal toit externe angle (HTEA), ventral (VASA), dorsal (DASA), and horizontal (HASA) acetabular sector angles, acetabular index (AI), and percent femoral head coverage (CPC) were measured. Interobserver repeatability was quantified with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Satisfactory repeatability was considered when ICC≥0.75. Results— DASA, CEA, and CPC were repeatable in all age groups. HASA and HTEA were repeatable for all but 1 time point. At 20 weeks of age, all measures but AI were repeatable, and at 104 weeks of age, DASA, CEA, CPC, and HASA were repeatable. Measures were repeatable in hips with and without degenerative changes with the exceptions of AI and HASA in normal hips and VASA and HTEA in osteoarthritic hips. Conclusions— Most 2D CT measurements examined were repeatable regardless of age or joint disease. Clinical Relevance— Two‐dimensional CT measures may augment current techniques for assessing joint changes in lax canine hips.     

Effects of CIDR-G and Melatonin Implants, and their Combination on the Efficacy of Oestrus Induction and Fertility of Kilis Goats

The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of oestrus induction protocols on Kilis dairy goats kept on a goat farm situated close to Kilis, Turkey. Eighty goats were assigned randomly into four groups of 20 animals each in a factorial arrangement: (i) untreated control (CON), (ii) melatonin implant (MEL), (iii) CIDR-G (CIDR) and (iv) melatonin implant plus CIDR-G (MC). Experiments were performed in mid-anoestrus season under natural photoperiod environment. The differences among treatment groups in oestrus response were significant. Oestrus response was higher in the MC group than in other groups (p < 0.05). A significant difference was observed in the time interval from cessation of treatment to the onset of oestrus among treatments. The CIDR-G treatment reduced intervals from buck introduction to oestrus. The time to onset of oestrus in both the MC and CIDR groups was significantly shorter, compared with the MEL and CON groups (p < 0.05). The number of does kidding and fertility were not different among treatment groups (p > 0.05). Fecundity was similar among goats in all groups. Prolificacy and twining rates showed similar trends as fecundity rates, with no differences (p > 0.05) between treatments. The results of this study showed that oestrus in Kilis does can be effectively induced by using melatonin and CIDR combined treatment, and fertility will not be adversely affected. However, this treatment did not improve fecundity, prolificacy and twining rates.     

Peliosis hepatis and hemoperitoneum in a dog with diphacinone intoxication

Objective: To describe the clinical course of a dog presented with peliosis hepatis and hemoperitoneum in concert with anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication.
Case summary: A 7.75-year-old spayed female Shetland Sheepdog presented with clinical signs consistent with hypovolemia, hemoperitoneum, and a history of bright green stool 3 days before the onset of clinical signs. Initial packed cell volume/total solids were consistent with acute hemorrhage. A coagulation profile showed prolongation in activated clotting time and prolongation of both prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time, suggesting abnormal coagulation. Abdominal hemorrhage persisted in the face of normalization of the hemodynamic status and coagulation profile, and treatment with Vitamin K₁. Abdominal ultrasound revealed multiple patchy hypoechoic areas throughout the caudate liver lobe. An exploratory laparotomy was performed 24 hours after presentation and revealed the caudate liver lobe as the source of the hemorrhage. Histopathologic examination of a specimen of the liver was consistent with peliosis hepatis. Toxicologic testing identified diphacinone levels in the blood consistent with anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and within 48 hours the dog was discharged. The dog returned to full function and a hepatic ultrasound performed 15 months postoperatively showed no significant abnormalities.
New or unique information provided: Exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides may be associated with the development of peliosis hepatis in dogs.     

鸭绿沙塘鳢繁殖习性的观察及性腺发育周期的组织学研究

周年调查了鸭绿沙塘鳢的繁殖习性,观察了其性腺发育的周年组织学变化.试验结果表明,鸭绿沙塘鳢Ⅰ龄性成熟,分批产卵,雄鱼护卵,繁殖旺季为4-6月,补充群体6月开始繁殖.1、2月雌雄鱼的比例为1 : 2,3月至繁殖季节急剧增至1 : 2～3,10-12月约1 : 1.1-5月雌鱼的成熟系数急剧增加,5-6月急剧下降,7月后上升后又逐渐下降.11月至翌年3月,雄鱼的成熟系数最低, 3-4月急剧上升,5-6月略有下降,7-9月又略上升后而降低.破膜后40 d为Ⅰ期精巢; 60～70 d为Ⅱ期,精原细胞呈束排列;约130 d发育至Ⅲ期;约230 d发育至Ⅳ期,精巢内除精原细胞、精母细胞外,还有少量直径3.15～4.20 μm的精子细胞;约360 d(翌年4-6月)为Ⅴ期,有少量长径为2.10 μm的精子.7月Ⅵ期的壶腹内,部分精子排出,但仍有大量残留.破膜后53 d雌鱼的卵巢为Ⅰ期,卵原细胞直径9.1～10.1 μm,同步发育;150 d发育至Ⅱ期,卵母细胞直径83.3～124.3 μm,细胞核直径71.0～97.2 μm,细胞质嗜碱性,核膜内侧有多个核仁,卵母细胞外有一层滤泡细胞,放射膜不明显.约220 d发育至不同步的Ⅲ期,有Ⅰ、Ⅱ期的卵细胞,滤泡膜和放射膜明显.约280 d(翌年3月)卵巢发育至第Ⅳ期,初级卵母细胞体积增大,充满卵黄颗粒,辐射带增厚.滤泡膜、放射膜和细胞膜厚度分别为7.8、13.0、13.2 μm.约370 d(4-5月)发育至Ⅴ期.雌、雄鱼分别以Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期性腺越冬.     

人民币实际有效汇率对我国产业、就业结构影响的实证分析

本文尝试从理论上给出了实际汇率变动对产业结构调整的三种传导途径,并从有效汇率的角度出发,通过协整模型、Granger因果检验和脉冲响应的方法对实际有效汇率对我国产业、就业结构的影响进行了实证分析.结果表明,人民币实际有效汇率的升值提升了我国第三产业的比重并增加了该产业就业人数,在一定程度上促进了农村劳动力的转移,同时相应地对第二产业的就业造成了负面影响.总体上来看,人民币有效汇率的上升将有助于长期改善我国的产业结构,但短期会造成一定的就业压力.     

西藏巴松错（湖）夏季浮游植物群落的水平和垂直分布

为揭示西藏巴松错浮游植物群落结构的水平和垂直分布特征及其与环境间的关系，于2020年7月对巴松错出入河流及其湖体15个采样点和湖中心B15采样点11个分层的浮游植物进行了调查，同时测定了水体相关理化指标。调查共采集水样275个，分析了浮游植物物种组成、细胞丰度、生物量和物种多样性等群落结构特征，并探讨浮游植物对水平和垂直环境梯度变化的响应。结果表明：（1）巴松错夏季共鉴定浮游植物167种，隶属于5门8纲20目29科66属，物种组成为硅藻-绿藻-蓝藻型；（2）在水平方向上，平均细胞丰度为1.8453×104 cells/L，平均生物量为0.0117 mg/L；在垂直方向上，平均细胞丰度为1.0055×104 cells/L，平均生物量为0.0061 mg/L；（3）巴松错夏季浮游植物群落结构水平分布较为均匀，群落复杂程度相对较高，较垂直分布更稳定；（4）RDA分析结果表明，EC是影响巴松错夏季浮游植物水平群落变异的主要环境因子，TUR是影响垂直变异的主要环境因子。本研究结果为进一步研究高寒湖泊生态系统提供了基础资料。     

拉萨河中下游原生动物群落物种分布格局及其驱动因素

了解拉萨河中下游原生动物群落物种分布格局及其驱动因素，为拉萨河中下游生物多样性保护及可持续利用提供基础资料。选取了拉萨河中下游17个样点，于2015年5月、8月和2016年11月进行原生动物定性和定量样品采集，共采集水样153份，分析物种组成、生物多样性及其与环境因子之间的关系，确定该流域原生动物类群组成中稀有种、偶见种和常见种对物种多样性的贡献、生物多样性格局及群落与理化因子相关性，结果表明：（1）3个季节，稀有种80种，占总物种的40%；偶见种95种，占总物种的48%；常见种21种，占总物种的11%；恒见种1种，占总物种的0.5%。（2）拉萨河中下游原生动物物种类群组成中偶见种是原生动物群落物种多样性格局的重要贡献者。（3）多样性指数表明，Richness指数和Margalef指数春季和夏季高于秋季，Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数春季高于秋季高于夏季。（4）基于Bray-Curtis距离的主坐标分析和相似性分析结果表明，拉萨河中下游原生动物群落结构在不同季节和不同流域均具有显著差异，且流域差异相比季节差异较大。（5）根据Mantel检验分析原生动物与环境因子的相关性，结果表明，在所测定环境因子中，水温（WT）、总溶解性固体（TDS）、盐度（Salt）、电导率（EC）、总磷（TP）及溶解氧（DO）是影响原生动物群落结构的主要环境因子。