EFFECT OF METHYLCELLULOSE ON UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL QUALITY IN DOGS

This study was performed to evaluate and optimize a small bowel contrast technique using barium and methylcellulose in dogs. Ten healthy dogs underwent both a conventional upper gastrointestinal study that used only barium and a modified study that used barium and methylcellulose. The control group received 10 mL/kg of 40% barium suspension. Experimental groups were divided into three subgroups given 15 mL/kg of different viscosities (low, moderate, and high viscosity) of 0.5% methylcellulose after 4 mL/kg of 40% barium suspension. Compared with the control group, dogs receiving methylcellulose had higher-quality upper gastrointestinal studies. Moderate viscosity of methylcellulose was superior to the other methylcellulose groups. In conclusion, the use of methylcellulose is a simple and effective method for improving the image quality in an upper GI examination.     

A REVIEW OF NONCONVENTIONAL ULTRASOUND TECHNIQUES AND CONTRAST-ENHANCED ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF NONCARDIAC CANINE DISORDERS

Modern ultrasound contrast media are gas-containing stabilized microbubbles that remain intact in the circulating blood for several minutes after intravenous injection and increase the intensity of the backscattered ultrasound. When the microbubbles disappear from the blood, they can be detected in the parenchyma of the liver and the spleen for about 30 more minutes (late liver- and spleen-specific phase). The insonated microbubbles produce second harmonic ultrasound frequencies, whose detection requires nonconventional ultrasound modalities such as pulsed inversion imaging. Nonconventional ultrasound techniques can also be used without microbubbles because second harmonics can be generated by ultrasound in tissues as well. The physical principles and advantages of nonconventional ultrasound techniques are described. The circulating microbubbles can be used not only to enhance weak Doppler signals, but also to perform dynamic contrast studies. Contrast-enhanced dynamic ultrasound studies--similar to contrast-enhanced CT and MRI examinations--have been used in humans to characterize lesions noninvasively (i.e., without biopsies) found during conventional ultrasound examinations. To map the distribution of contrast medium in a nodule or in an organ, specific scanning techniques such as stimulated acoustic emission have been developed. Stimulated acoustic emission occurs when high acoustic pressure ultrasonic waves disrupt the stationary or slowly moving microbubbles. This results in the release of a large amount of harmonic ultrasound frequencies. When the stimulated acoustic emission technique is used for dynamic studies, scanning must be interrupted several times to allow the microvasculature of the lesion to refill with microbubbles (interval delay imaging). The contrast patterns of malignant and benign hepatic nodules in humans have been the most intensively studied. Another type of dynamic study in humans measures the transit time of the contrast medium; that is, how fast the peripherally injected microbubbles reach the hepatic veins. Hepatic cirrhosis can be differentiated from other diffuse parenchymal liver diseases by a shorter transit time. Introducing nonconventional ultrasound techniques and ultrasound contrast media in veterinary diagnostic imaging may have potential value; however, intensive research should be carried out before ultrasound contrast agents can routinely be used in clinical practice.     

用改进的高盐低pH法分离和纯化棉花叶绿体及叶绿体DNA

报道了用改进的高盐低ｐＨ法分离和纯化棉花叶绿体及叶绿体ＤＮＡ的实验过程，即先在高盐（离子强度）介质下，通过ｐＨ值变换，多次洗涤的方法去除叶绿体表面的静电附着杂质，得到纯净的叶绿体；然后氯仿抽提纯化ＤＮＡ；最后采用界面针挑法得到高纯度的ｃｐＤＮＡ。实验过程中针对棉花的特点，采用ＰＶＰ排除棉酚和丹宁的干扰，用ＤＩＥＣＡ抑制酚氧化酶活性，并对实验细节作了较大改进。得到的ＤＮＡ可满足酶切、ＰＣＲ等分子生物学分析。     

棉花产量与苗情、气候关系研究

根据湖南省多年多点的棉花苗情定点观察与气象观测资料,采用相关及多种回归分析方法,研究棉花产量与苗情性状及气候条件相互间的内在联系和定量关系,找出影响棉花生长发育及产量形成的主导因素,并根据所建立的回归方程进行苗情预测预报,从而提出有效的促控指标,为指挥棉花生产,作出宏观决策提供科学依据。     

利用多种质资源选育多抗型棉花品种的育种学启示

用选自陆海杂交后代的抗蚜选系抗７７为母本与具中棉亲缘的丰产品种江苏棉１号杂交，后代与父本江苏棉１号回交２次，经２０代综合鉴定和多性状定向选育的川棉１０９。该品种抗棉蚜，抗枯萎病和立枯病，耐黄萎病，耐旱，抗倒，耐瘠薄；并克服了陆地棉密茸毛与短纤维的连锁，将抗虫与抗病、丰产与优质有机组合；综合性状鉴定为国内领先和国际先进水平．目前己累积推广２７万ｈｍ２，是利用多质资源培育多抗型丰产品种的实例。多质资源是前提，多抗性、强生长势、强补偿力等构成了川棉１０９丰产稳产的综合遣传优势。启示育种目标日趋综合的现代棉花育种应选择宽广的质源，培育多抗性取代单抗性，并以胁迫和非胁迫双重条件下的产量比较为核心，实现抗性与丰产性的统一。     

五个澳洲野生棉种的核型研究

对斯特提棉（Ｇ．ｓｔｕｒｔｉａｎｕｍ）、南岱华棉（Ｇ．ｎａｎｄｅｗａｒｅｎｓｅ）、澳洲棉（Ｇ．ａｕｓｔｒａｌｅ）、纳尔逊氏棉（Ｇ．ｎｅｌｓｏｎｉ）和比克氏棉（Ｇ．ｂｉｃｋｉ）五个澳洲野生棉种的染色体核型进行了分析研究。结果表明，五个澳洲野生棉种的核型比较相似，均有两对随体染色体，种间的核型重合率均大于８５％，其中斯特提棉与南岱华棉、澳洲棉与纳尔逊氏棉，及其比克氏棉与澳洲棉或纳尔逊氏棉之间的核型重合率大于９０％。此外，本文对比克氏棉的系统发育和染色体组划分等问题进行了讨论。     

棉枯萎抗性形成规律的发现与抗性定向培育法

采用棉枯萎人工病床病圃连续群体选择法发现，枯萎抗性转化现象和抗性形成规律：所有供试原感病高产优质品种在病菌连续入侵条件下，病床病株率逐年逐代下降，矮化症状逐年逐代缓解，群体高度逐年逐代上升，表明抗性逐年逐代提高。经５年左右均转化为高抗品种，为寄主免疫功能渐变性定向的遗传适应变异和后天获得抗性遗传的累加作用结果，病理学和生化分析均证实这一解释。获得高抗性后，原品种之丰产性和品质也有改进，不存在抗性丰产性品质间的遗传反相关关系，从而创棉枯萎抗性定向培育原理方法。１９７４～１９９４年，此法已育成抗性、丰产性、品质三兼优或二兼优品种和资源３０余个。     

棉属野生棉与栽培棉种间杂交新种质创造研究

棉属(Gpssypium)野生资源具有的抗病、虫,抗旱及优质纤维等遗传特性,通过种间杂交可转育到栽培棉,以丰富和改善现有栽培棉品种的遗传特性或创造新的优异种质材料供育种利用。本文报道用23个棉属的野生种与4个栽培种的品种杂交,获得不同世代的47个组合杂种,并从一部分杂种后代培育出一批抗病、虫,抗旱和纤维高强优质等遗传特性的新种质。同时研究了有关种间杂交的不亲和性、杂种F_1的遗传性状以及细胞遗传学、胚胎学等问题。