Effects of an oil-based substrate (The Water Cleanser™) and bacterial additives on nitrogen and phosphorous dynamics in freshwater crayfish (Cherax cainii,Austin and Ryan 2002) aquaculture

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of an oil-based substrate, The Water Cleanser? (TWC). The first experiment studied the effects two substrates of different oil composition (TWC, TWC?+), and a commercial bacterial additive (Bio-Aid) on concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous in indoor aquaria. The second experiment studied the effects of TWC, a bacterial additive, and a combination (TWC?+?B) on concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous, phytoplankton abundance and diversity in outdoor freshwater crayfish (Cherax cainii, Austin and Ryan, Invertebr Syst 16:357–367, 2002) tanks. In the first experiment, the concentration of TAN decreased more rapidly with Bio-Aid, whilst the maximum concentrations of NO₂-N and NO₃-N were reduced with the substrates. The concentration of orthophosphate was reduced in aquaria with TWC?+?. In the second experiment, concentrations of TAN, NO₂-N, NO₃-N and total phosphate were not significantly affected by TWC. After addition of TWC?+?B, there was a significant decrease in the concentrations of nitrate and total phosphate, and a higher abundance of phytoplankton was maintained than with other treatments. Additionally, a population Bacillus sp. was found on the substrate surface. TWC had no adverse effects on phytoplankton abundance or diversity, or C. cainii physiology, weight gain or survival. TWC and TWC?+?were effective bioremediators of eutrophic water, whilst a combination of TWC?+?B was effective in short term bioremediation and in promoting phytoplankton abundance in C. cainii tank culture.

     

豆米轮作对春玉米土壤固氮细菌群落结构及多样性的影响

为探明大豆-玉米轮作对土壤固氮细菌的影响，以玉米连作为对照(MMM)，以nif-H基因为指示，采用高通量测序技术，分析大豆-玉米2年轮作周期(MSM)和大豆-玉米-玉米3年轮作周期(SMM)下土壤固氮细菌群落结构及多样性。结果表明：大豆-玉米轮作下0～20、20～40 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、铵态氮和硝态氮均显著增加。固氮细菌的Chao1指数和ACE指数在0～20、20～40 cm土层均为轮作高于对照，轮作下MSM显著高于SMM;Shannon指数和Simpson指数在0～20 cm土层轮作显著高于MMM;20～40 cm土层MSM显著高于MMM。在门水平上，MSM和SMM的0～20、20～40 cm土层变形菌门的相对丰度均高于MMM。在属水平上，2个轮作类型0～20 cm土层的慢生根瘤菌属、弗兰克氏菌属和纤毛菌属相对丰度显著较高；20～40 cm土层慢生根瘤菌属、伪食酸菌属、地杆菌属和固氮弧菌属相对丰度显著较高；MSM 0～20、20～40 cm土层慢生根瘤菌属、甲基孢囊菌属和固氮弧菌属较SMM均提高。方差分析表明，固氮细菌丰度指数（Chao1和ACE指数）与有机质、碱解氮...