Die Gro?wasserkraftwerke in ?sterreich und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Forstwirtschaft (Wildbachverbauung)

Ohne ZusammenfassungMit 1 Abbildung     

Modelling the microbial breakdown of pesticides in soil using a parameter estimation technique

Results of field measurements and laboratory experiments were used to simulate the behaviour of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) in a loamy sand soil. Microbial activity was described using pre-set conditions to compute transformation rates as dependent on compound concentrations and temperature. These kinetics could only be analysed using non-linear transformation rates. To link the development of microbial populations and the consumption of the compound over time, an iterative technique was used to estimate the necessary parameters.     

Plants as de-worming agents of livestock in the Nordic countries: historical perspective, popular beliefs and prospects for the future.

Preparations derived from plants were the original therapeutic interventions used by man to control diseases (including parasites), both within humans and livestock. Development of herbal products depended upon local botanical flora with the result that different remedies tended to develop in different parts of the world. Nevertheless, in some instances, the same or related plants were used over wide geographic regions, which also was the result of communication and/or the importation of plant material of high repute. Thus, the Nordic countries have an ancient, rich and diverse history of plant derived anthelmintic medications for human and animal use. Although some of the more commonly used herbal de-wormers were derived from imported plants, or their products, many are from endemic plants or those that thrive in the Scandinavian environment. With the advent of the modern chemotherapeutic era, and the discovery, development and marketing of a seemingly unlimited variety of highly efficacious, safe synthetic chemicals with very wide spectra of activities, herbal remedies virtually disappeared from the consciousness--at least in the Western world. This attitude is now rapidly changing. There is a widespread resurgence in natural product medication, driven by major threats posed by multi-resistant pest, or disease, organisms and the diminishing public perceptions that synthetic chemicals are the panacea to health and disease control. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive account of the depth of historical Nordic information available on herbal de-wormers, with emphasis on livestock and to provide some insights on potentially rewarding areas of "re-discovery" and scientific evaluation in this field.     

Detection and prevalence of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) in raw sausage

We investigated 158 samples of shortly ripened raw sausages bought in supermarkets of Dessau within 4 month. In 14 (8.8%) samples Verotoxin-producing E. coli were detected. 13 VT-positive samples were found in the group of easily spread raw sausages. The 14 isolates belonged to 6 different O-serotypes. 4 VT1-, 8 VT2- and 2 VT1/VT2-producers were found. 4 isolates belonged to serogroups which were already described in WHO tables and associated with EHEC infections in human beings. One strain of serogroup O22: H8, isolated from a "Teewurst", possessed the complete virulence gene combination of EHEC (eae, hlyA, stx). The detection procedure, already successfully used for detection and isolation of VTEC from raw milk, soft cheese and raw minced beef showed a sensitivity of approximately 10 CfU/25 g of raw sausages. It has to be considered that VTEC are frequently (8.8%) present in shortly ripened raw sausages. The group of easily spread raw sausages has a higher VTEC-contamination rate than firm raw sausages. Raw sausages, especially easy to spread types, belong to the risk foods for EHEC-infections in human beings.