Adaptation of the LIGNUM model for simulations of growth and light response in Jack pine

LIGNUM is a whole tree model, developed for Pinus sylvestris in Finland, that combines tree metabolism with a realistic spatial distribution of morphological parts. We hypothesize that its general concepts, which include the pipe model, functional balance, yearly carbon budget, and a set of architectural growth rules, are applicable to all trees. Adaptation of the model to Pinus banksiana, a widespread species of economic importance in North America, is demonstrated.

Conversion of the model to Jack pine entailed finding new values for 16 physiological and morphological parameters, and three growth functions. Calibration of the LIGNUM Jack pine model for open grown trees up to 15 years of age was achieved by matching crown appearance and structural parameters (height, foliage biomass, aboveground biomass) with those of real trees. A sensitivity study indicated that uncertainty in the photosynthesis and respiration parameters will primarily cause changes to the net annual carbon gain, which can be corrected through calibration of the growth rate. The effect of a decrease in light level on height, biomass, total tree branch length, and productivity were simulated and compared with field data. Additional studies yielded insight into branch pruning, carbon allocation patterns, crown structure, and carbon stress. We discuss the value of the LIGNUM model as a tool for understanding tree growth and survival dynamics in natural and managed forests.     

Resonance of scantlings indicates the stiffness even of small specimens of Eucalyptus from plantations

The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between the stiffness of scantlings, approaching structural size materials, and small specimens of 6-year-old Eucalyptus urophylla?×?grandis wood using a resonance technique. The correlation between the elastic modulus (E) of the scantlings in longitudinal vibration and small specimens in flexural vibration was r?=?75 when comparing the scantling values with the averaged values of the specimens per scantling. However, when the E of each single specimen was compared with its respective scantling, the coefficient of correlation decreased to r?=?0.64 in the longitudinal tests and r?=?0.61 in the flexural tests. A roughly linear correlation (r?=?0.59) between specific modulus and loss tangent was obtained for the small specimens of Eucalyptus. In short, the resonance technique rapidly provided a large, accurate data set of mechanical wood properties as required for high-throughput phenotyping in recent genetic studies.     

Multiple realities of the Growth Triangle: Mapping knowledge and the politics of mapping

Abstract: The Singapore‐Indonesia‐Malaysia Growth Triangle has been applauded by the governments of the three nation states, economists and transnational corporations as an economic success. However, other stark realities are evident at the local level as well. The Growth Triangle is supplanting older cultural and economic geographies. This has given rise to struggles over rights to territories and resources. Of the three points in the triangle, it is the landscape of Riau‐Indonesia that has been transformed most dramatically. A comparative study of the cadastral maps of the administrators of the Growth Triangle versus the community maps of the indigenous peoples shows the differences in their perceived spatial ideas of Riau. It also highlights the different systems of knowledge as upheld by the administrators in contrast to that of the indigenous inhabitants. This comparative study brings to attention the issues of knowledge construction, mapping knowledge and the politics of mapping.     

红枣干燥技术与装备研究进展

为了探索开发适宜缩短红枣干燥时间、提高红枣干燥品质的技术与装备,综述了红枣单一与联合干燥发展现状与研究进展,并在此基础上进行了红枣干燥技术与装备的对比分析.同时,阐述了预处理对红枣干燥特性的影响,以期为在研究红枣干燥特性和干燥装备现状的基础上,对不同红枣干制品实施适宜的干燥加工技术与研制新型干燥装备提供理论依据与技术支...     

Determination of selenium in nuts by cathodic stripping potentiometry (CSP)

The aim of this work was to determine the selenium content in nut samples by cathodic stripping potentiometry. Dry-powdered nuts were digested by HNO(3) and dissolved with concentrated hydrochloric acid. To avoid the interference of natural oxygen, the potentiometric determination of selenium was carried out in an electrolyte solution consisting of 2 M CaCl(2) and 4 M HCl. The analysis was executed applying an electrolysis potential of -150 mV for 60 s and a constant current of -30 microA. Under these conditions, detection limits lower than 1.0 ng g(-)(1) were obtained for selenium analysis in nuts. The relative standard deviation of these measurements (expressed as rsd %) ranged from 0.44 to 0.88% while recoveries ranged from 90.2 to 95.3%. The results obtained with the proposed method were compared with those obtained via hydride vapor generation atomic absorption spectroscopy, a common method for determining selenium. The results of the two methods agreed within 5% for almond, hazelnut, and pistachio samples. The mean concentrations of selenium determined in Sicilian samples of almond, hazelnut, and pistachio were 531 +/- 1, 865 +/- 1, and 893 +/- 4 microg/kg, respectively.     

Determination of some heavy metals and selenium in Sicilian and Calabrian citrus essential oils using derivative stripping chronopotentiometry

This paper aims to bring some novelty about the concentration of some heavy metals and selenium in biological citrus essential oils (CEO) produced in Sicily and Calabria in different crop years. Derivative stripping chronopotentiometry has been used as an accurate, sensitive, and rapid technique for the determination of Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Se in hydrochloric acid extracts of CEO; in the optimized electrochemical conditions, detection limits of <1 microg kg(-1) were obtained for all of the studied metals. In particular, the concentrations of metals were determined in biological bergamot essential oils produced in Calabria in 1999 and 2000 and in biological CEO produced in Sicily in 2003 and 2004. The obtained results provided evidence that Mn was the most abundant metal in all of the studied CEO followed by Zn, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Se; Cd concentrations were always lower than the limit of detection (0.6 microg kg(-1)).     

Effects of Silver on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Gaseous Isopropanol

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - The decomposition of gaseous isopropanol (IPA) by UV/TiO2 process in an annular photoreactor was studied under various conditions such as UV light intensity and...     

衡阳市的气候条件和春大豆栽培

依据1975～1981年衡阳市的气象资料和春大豆亩产量资料,首先用正交多项式回归方法估计了趋势产量,然后用费希尔积分回归模式和逐步回归方法计算出了该市气候因子和离趋势产量间的积分回归公式。这样,就选出了影响春大豆产量的主要气候因子,同时求出了它们对春大豆产量的影响系数。研究表明春大豆产量显著地受每旬平均温度,旬     

甜菜畸胎瘤诱导及基因转移

致瘤农杆菌〔Agrobacterium tumefaciens(Smith and Townsend)Conn〕的 C_(58)T_(37)、B3/73菌株被用来感染 Beta vulgaris 和 B.maritima 二个种的106个品种和品系。在102个品种上诱导出冠瘿瘤,其中在2个 B.vulgaris 品种和一个野生杂种(B.maritima×B.vulgaris var.Cicla)诱导出畸胎瘤。利用不合激素的 MS 培养基初步分离出     

农业机械化工程研究生创新能力的研究

研究生教育作为我国教育结构中的高层次的教育,有责任而且有义务为国家培养高水平、高素质,且具备高层次创新能力的人才,教育体系应加强创新教育,逐步提高研究生的创新能力.在了解了农业机械化工程学科现状与进展后,提出了农业机械化工程学科研究生创新能力培养的建议:进行创新性学习,提高创新意识和创新思维;学校改进教学课程体系;多参...