A putative RNA silencing component protein FoQde-2 is involved in virulence of the tomato wilt fungus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium oxysporum</Emphasis> f. sp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">lycopersici</Emphasis>

RNA silencing pathways in filamentous fungi are composed of multiple component proteins and known to be involved in vegetative growth, virulence or sexual reproduction. We found that the tomato wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), carries four homologues genes of Qde-2, an argonaute protein gene and one of the main component protein genes in Neurospora crassa. Gene targeting revealed that FoQde-2, one of the Qde-2 homologues in Fol, is involved in virulence to tomato but not in vegetative growth.     

猪苓液体发酵培养基配方筛选

猪苓在玉米粉、麸皮、蔗糖、酵母膏、KH2PO4、MgSO4综合培养基上,菌丝长势较好且干重较高.尤以配方⑧为最好,其菌丝干重与其它配方菌丝的干重差异达极显著水平.     

1,25-( OH)2D3及LPS对2型糖尿病肾病尿毒症患者单核细胞维生素D受体表达的影响

目的 探讨1,25-(OH)2D3及TLR4配体(脂多糖,LPS)对2型糖尿病(T2DM)和糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)尿毒症患者血清干预的单核细胞维生素D受体(VDR)表达的影响,进一步探索1,25-( OH)2D3在T2DM和DN炎症性免疫反应中的作用.方法 分离研究对象(健康对照组、T2DM组和DN尿毒症组)外周血血清,孵育THP-1单核细胞,然后于含或不含10-7 mol/L的1,25-(OH)2D3培养液中培养48 h后,再用终浓度为1μg/ml的LPS干预24h,收集单核细胞和培养上清.采用RT-PCR检测VDR mRNA表达,Western blot、免疫荧光检测THP-1单核细胞内VDR蛋白表达.ELISA法检测细胞培养上清IL-6和IL-10浓度.结果 与正常对照组比较,在LPS的刺激下T2DM组和DN尿毒症组THP-1单核细胞内VDR mRNA水平下调[对照组(0.99±0.25);T2DM组(0.65±0.24);DN尿毒症组(0.62±0.27),P＜0.05];DN尿毒症组THP-1单核细胞内VDR蛋白表达比正常对照组和T2DM组显著下调[对照组(0.48 ±0.05);T2DM组(0.50±0.06);DN尿毒症组(0.20±0.01),P＜0.01],且LPS增强以上患者血清孵育的THP-1单核细胞炎症细胞因子IL-6的分泌[对照组(15.13±1.61);T2DM组(24.06 ±2.92);DN尿毒症组(70.77 ±5.48),P＜0.05];而1,25-(OH)2D3可部分阻断上述作用.结论 LPS能下调T2DM和DN尿毒症患者单核细胞VDR mRNA和蛋白的表达,引起促炎和抗炎细胞因子失调.1,25-(OH)2D3可部分逆转LPS的作用,对T2DM和DN尿毒症可能具有一定的保护作用.     

Protein requirements of collared peccary (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pecari tajacu</Emphasis>)

A nitrogen (N) balance digestion trial was conducted to determine the protein requirement of collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu). In a 4 × 4 Latin square design, four captive adult male peccaries were fed four isoenergy diets containing four different levels of N (11.7, 16.3, 22.8, and 26.7 g N/kg of dry matter—DM). After 15 days of adaptation, a total collection of feces and urine was carried out for five consecutive days. Regression analyses between N intake and N in feces and urine allowed to calculate the metabolic fecal nitrogen (MFN = 2.3 g N/kg of dry matter intake—DMI) and daily endogenous urinary N (EUN = 185 mg N/kg^0.75). Likewise, by regression analyses between consumption of nitrogen and the nitrogen balance (NB = N ingested ? N excreted, mg N/kg^0.75), a daily requirement of 514 mg N/kg^0.75 was calculated. Therefore, if food intake is unrestricted, collared peccaries require a minimum in their diet of about 5.4% crude protein on DM basis. These values are almost as low as those found for browsing and frugivorous wild ruminants, which reinforce the proposition that peccaries’ digestive physiology is nearer to that of domestic and wild ruminants than domestic pigs. This relatively low protein requirement of collared peccary and its great ability to digest protein reveal the relevance of the forestomach for the species on nitrogen/protein metabolism and allow the use of diets with lower crude protein levels than the commercial ones used for the domestic pig, which reduces feed costs.     

供港活猪4种疫病抗体水平监测及免疫效果分析

为掌握广东惠州地区供港活猪主要疫病的免疫状况,我们对供港活猪主要疫病抗体水平作了一次跟踪监测,并对免疫效果进行了分析.2012-2014年,分5次共采取了900头供港猪血清,采用ELISA方法对猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征、伪狂犬病、0型口蹄疫的抗体水平进行检测.结果显示,猪瘟抗体免疫合格率在68.9％ ～78.3％之间,口蹄疫在67.2％～82.8％之间,免疫效果不理想;猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征抗体免疫合格率在73.9％～ 92.8％之间,伪狂犬病在86.7％ ～ 93.9％之间,免疫效果较理想.     

水稻恶苗病病原菌的研究

 1977~1987年采集103个稻恶苗病标本,分离后获8种镰刀菌。其中串珠镰孢(Fusarium moniliforme)的一个变种占总标本数的60.2%,其特征为:菌落生长直径2-4cm;大型分生孢子镰刀形,3-5隔;小型分生孢子卵形,串生和假头生;产孢细胞单、复粳并存;具厚垣孢子,球至亚球形。此变种定名为(F. moniliforme var. Zhejiangensis Wang et Chen var. nov.)。其他7种镰刀菌为木贼镰孢(F. equiseti),禾谷镰孢(F. graminearum),砖红镰孢(F. lateritium),雪腐镰孢(F. nivale),尖镰孢(F. oxysporum),半裸镰孢(F. semitectum),腐皮镰孢(F. solani)。试验证明,串珠镰孢浙江变种是水稻恶苗病的主要致病菌;其他6种(除腐皮镰孢未接种外)均有不同程度的弱致病性。串珠镰孢浙江变种也能侵染小小麦、大麦、玉米、西瓜、豌豆等作物的幼苗,并有徒长症状。     

哈密市奶牛结核病、布鲁氏杆菌病感染情况的调查

结核病与布鲁氏杆菌病都是对人体健康有严重危害的人畜共患传染病。据卫生部门统计，我国现有结核病病人近６００万人，每年因结核病死亡的约２５万人，是单一病菌引起死亡最多的传染病。仅１９９８年第三季度新疆结核病发现人数为 ４ ７９４人，由此可见，此病对人类健康有较大的威胁。而布鲁氏杆菌病同样是人畜共患的全身性传染病，且结核病和布鲁氏杆菌病的传播途径相同，由于人类的结核和畜禽结核有较强的相互交叉感染性，结合我地区实施“放心肉、放心奶”跨世纪“牧业工程”，我们于２０００年春、秋两季对哈密市郊区的５００余头奶牛…     

阿维菌素和硫线磷对南方根结线虫的毒力

利用阿维菌素和硫线磷处理南方根结线虫离体卵与幼虫,测试其对线虫卵和卵块孵化以及对2龄幼虫的致死作用、活动能力、侵入能力的影响。结果表明阿维菌素和硫线磷均对线虫卵和卵块的孵化表现很强的抑制作用,阿维菌素5 μg/mL处理24 h对卵孵化抑制率高达82.57%,而硫线磷40 μg/mL处理24 h对卵孵化抑制率为73.05%;阿维菌素和硫线磷处理48 h对2龄幼虫的LD50分别为7.346 1、13.345 6 μg/mL;在阿维菌素2 μg/mL和硫线磷3 μg/mL处理中,2龄幼虫在沙柱中的平均移动距离仅为0.04 cm和0.05 cm,而对照处理的线虫平均移动距离为1.04 cm;在阿维菌素2 μg/mL和硫线磷50 μg/mL处理2龄幼虫48 h后,对番茄根部的侵入率为0.12%和0.45%,而空白对照处理线虫的侵入率达21.85%。     

Prevalence of antimicrobial residues in raw table eggs from farms and retail outlets in Enugu State,Nigeria

The use of antimicrobial agents in poultry production results in their accumulation in the body tissues and products such as milk and egg. The subsequent accumulation of these drugs and their metabolites in body cells is known as drug residue. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial residues in eggs from poultry farms and retail outlets in Enugu State, Nigeria. Eggs from 25 selected commercial farms and ten retail outlets were screened for the prevalence of antimicrobial residue. Also, structured questionnaires were administered to 25 commercial farms in the state to determine the management practices and the most widely used antimicrobial drugs in farms and possible association between the management practices and the occurrence of antimicrobial residues in eggs from these farms. All the 25 farms surveyed use oxytetracycline. Eggs from nine of the surveyed farms tested positive for antimicrobial residue and three of the ten surveyed farms also tested positive for antimicrobial residue. No association was observed (p 0.05; Fisher’s exact test) between the occurrence of antibiotic residues in eggs and farm size, feed source and housing systems. This study was able to demonstrate the presence of antimicrobial residues in eggs destined for human consumption. Drugs like nitrofurans which has been banned for use in food animals are still very much in use in Enugu State, Nigeria. Antibiotics given as feed additives may give rise to drug residues in food animals.