超高产春小麦品种的产量结构特点及干物质动态积累研究

以超高产春小麦品种克丰4号为试材,以新克旱9号、东农7742、克涝3号为对照品种,综合考察其独特的产量的结构及其干物质动态积累规律。试验结果统计分析表明：超高产品种克丰4号较其它三个品种具有明显的生物学特征特性,单株小麦的生物产量和粒重相对较低,但单位面积上群体的生物产量和粒重分别提高16.7%和48.2%。尤其以杆强和耐密成为具有当今高产产量潜力的主要因素。为今后东北春小麦超级种的组合配制、后代选择及高效栽培提供理论依据。     

Prevention and Controlling Effect of Intercropping on Pests and Diseases and Its Risk Control in Cotton Fields

Cotton is one of the major field crops which are seriously threatened by pests and diseases. In recent years, the ecological management of cotton pests and diseases with intercropping has become to be an interesting approach. Intercropping possibly increases the population of natural enemies and finally reduces the population density of pests as a result of changes in ecological structure and environmental conditions of farmland. Intercropping thus has been considered an important alternative in controlling pests and diseases. However, cotton field intercropping also has some limitations in controlling pests and diseases. Unreasonable intercropping system has many risks such as increasing labor input, increasing the difficulty of pests’ control, and aggravating pests and diseases. In this paper, the effects and the underlying mechanisms of cotton intercropping on cotton pests and diseases were reviewed. The possible risks and countermeasures used for ecological control of intercropping were also put forward, and the future and application of ecological management of cotton pests and diseases with intercropping were prospected.     

基于颜色特征的水稻秧苗图像分割

本文针对水稻稻田图像中秧苗和背景分割问题,采用基于最大类间方差法(OTSU法)的分割方法,成功地把水稻秧苗像素和背景像素分割开.首先用CCD相机获取水稻插秧机插秧作业后的水稻稻田图像,选择超绿颜色因子将水稻秧苗RGB彩色图像转化为灰度图像,使用OTSU法计算阈值,成功地将灰度图像转变为二值图像.又采用该方法分割了20幅水稻秧苗图像,结果表明,超绿颜色因子可以对水稻秧苗图像有效分割.     

基于类球形亮度变换的水果表面缺陷提取

针对基于机器视觉技术的水果表面缺陷因受到亮度不均影响而提取困难的问题,以阿克苏苹果为研究对象,采用可见-近红外双CCD成像系统,设计了一种无需预先建模的类球形亮度变换方法,对R分量图像进行亮度变换,变换后的图像使整个水果表面正常区域灰度趋于一致,而缺陷区域依然保留为低灰度区,增强了缺陷和正常果皮的对比度,提高了缺陷检测精度.使用共计100个样本评估算法的可行性,其中45个缺陷果的检测精度为93.3％,55个正常果的检测正确率为100％,整体检测精度达到97％.研究结果表明,利用基于类球形亮度变换结合单阈值分割方法提取水果表面缺陷是可行的.     

我国房产税开征实效分析

文章结合目前已初见的房产税开征效果,分别探讨其对房地产市场、财政收入和社会贫富差距的实际影响,比较其与理论期望的差距与原因,得出房产税的效果是长期的,另外现行的方案有待向存量房开征房产税、采用差异化和累进制税率相结合方向改善,且配套完善的房地产相关政策,才能更好地实施其政府调控作用。     

客户侧用电安全的数字化巡检平台

高压客户集中监控平台对客户负控采样数据、重要负荷出线节点电压、电流、负荷等数据进行图模搭建,在客户变电所加装视频监控,并且加装开关遥信、遥测,信号具备上传至营销侧集中监控主站的功能,用检员能够远程查看客户变电所接线图及运行状态.提供客户状态预警、操作指导、设备检修、异常处理的在线互动服务.向主站推送客户异常监测数据(低...     

基于双变量同化和交叉小波变换的冬小麦单产估测

为进一步提高陕西省关中平原冬小麦产量估测的精度,利用集合卡尔曼滤波算法(EnKF)将CERES-Wheat模型模拟的0～20 cm土壤含水率和叶面积指数(LAI)与遥感观测的条件植被温度指数(VTCI)和LAI进行同化,同时利用交叉小波变换分析冬小麦各生育时期同化VTCI和LAI与产量之间的共振周期,通过计算小波互相关度获得各生育时期同化VTCI和LAI的权重,进而构建基于加权VTCI和LAI的冬小麦单产估测模型。结果表明,在样点尺度,经过EnKF同化的VTCI和LAI能够综合表达模型模拟值和遥感观测值的变化趋势;在区域尺度,无论是否同化,经过交叉小波变换的各生育时期VTCI和LAI分别与产量之间存在特定的共振周期,同时发现,同化有助于对关键生育时期的特征提取;相较于未同化构建的估产模型,经过同化构建的估产模型的归一化均方根误差为13.23%,决定系数为0.50,平均相对误差为10.58%,精度略有提升,且估测产量的分布与统计产量的分布更为一致,因此认为将同化与交叉小波相结合构建的双变量单产估测模型精度更高,可为进一步实现高精度的区域产量估测提供研究基础。     

不同基因型大豆糖分积累规律的研究(I)——可溶性总糖含量积累规律的研究

大豆光合作用的主要产物是糖类,本文选用6个不同基因型的大豆品种,运用框栽的方法,研究了大豆可溶性总糖含量的动态变化,结果表明,不同营养器官的可溶性总糖的最大含量值出现在结荚期,荚果中的可溶性总糖表现出持续降低的变化规律.在大豆生育过程中,叶柄是各器官中糖类代谢比较旺盛的部位,可溶性总糖含量为叶柄＞叶片＞根＞茎,秣食豆总糖含量最高;小金黄、丰收10和绥农14叶柄和根中总糖含量呈极显著正相关(r值分别为0.971、0.905、0.932),龙选1号、不结瘤大豆和秣食豆的叶柄和根中的总糖含量达到显著正相关(r值分别为0.874、0.850、0.657).     

Transportation and Transformation of Pollutants in a New Type Constructed Wetland

A three stage series operational pilot scale constructed wetland was built for domestic wastewater treatment with inflow of 4.5 m3/d .The mass balance method was adopted to quantify the transportation and transformation of pollutants in constructed wetland during steady state operation.It was shown that the average removal rate of CODcr was 87.14%, in which 68.45% contributed by dissimilation and 18.69% contributed by assimilation.The average removal rate of TN was 60.21% and the contributions of denitrification and microbial assimilation or plant assimilation were 53.64%, 5.39% and 1.18%, respectively.The average removal rate of TP was 59.36% and the contributions of substrates absorption and microbial assimilation or plant assimilation were 43.55%, 12.26% and 3.55%,respectively.In conclusion, microorganisms played a key role in the removal of pollutants and substrates adsorption was the main approach to phosphorus removal.     

荔枝酒香气成分的GC/MS分析

利用溶剂萃取法对荔枝酒中的挥发性成分进行提取,采用气相色谱-质谱（GC/MS）技术对其分析,经过NIST 02谱库检索对比,在荔枝酒中共检测出68个峰,鉴定出67种化合物。醇类和酯类是荔枝酒中香气贡献最大的两类化合物。初步得出该荔枝酒中的特征香气化合物为β-里哪醇、香叶醇和2,6-二甲基-7-辛烯-2-醇。