生活垃圾微生物强化堆肥对放线菌群落的影响

为了探讨微生物强化堆肥对生活垃圾好氧堆肥过程及堆肥过程中放线菌群落的影响,在堆肥过程中接种高效细菌复合菌剂和真菌复合菌剂,并以不接种的堆体为对照,对堆肥过程的温度变化和木质纤维素的降解效率进行了测定,并借助于PCR-DGGE方法对堆肥过程中放线菌群落的动态变化和种群多样性进行研究。结果表明：微生物强化堆肥能缩短堆体起爆时间,并能有效提高堆体降温期和二次发酵期的温度;和自然堆肥相比微生物强化堆肥使半纤维素、纤维素和木质素的降解率分别提高8.95%、12.72%和10.13%。DGGE图谱显示：2种堆肥方式的放线菌多样性指数表现出极显著差异,微生物强化堆肥能增加堆体中优势菌群的种类和数量,能有效提高腐熟期的放线菌群落多样性,有利于堆肥腐熟。优势条带测序结果表明：在接种堆肥过程中检测到了放线菌门的棒杆菌属、分支杆菌属、链霉菌属、热孢菌属、迪茨菌属、糖丝菌属和放线菌属。     

罗汉果种子传播小西葫芦黄化花叶病毒的检测

为了解小西葫芦黄化花叶病毒（Zucchini yellow mosaicvirus,ZYMV）是否能通过罗汉果种子传播。本研究通过取ZYMV阳性的罹病罗汉果植株种子700粒,400粒直接播种于防虫网室中,300粒经表面消毒处理后播种于MS培养基上。最终获得213棵罗汉果实生苗。对所获得实生苗进行生物学鉴定及ZYMV特异性RT-PCR检测,均未检测到ZYMV阳性植株。结果表明ZYMV不能经罗汉果种子传播,或其传播率很低。     

A rapid spectrofluorometric screening method for enrofloxacin in chicken muscle

A simple spectrofluorometric method was developed for screening enrofloxacin (ENRO) in chicken muscle. A single-step extraction with acidic acetonitrile gave the best results without further cleanup. Following centrifugation the supernatants were excited at 324 nm and the emission was measured at 442 nm. Using this procedure, 18 chicken breast samples from 3 producers were tested. The results showed background signal levels significantly lower than those corresponding to 300 microg/kg ENRO, the FDA approved tolerance level. Statistical treatment of these data established a threshold which can be used in subsequent screening of ENRO at the tolerance level. The calibration curve revealed a satisfactory linear relationship (R(2) = 0.9991) in a range of 0-700 microg/kg ENRO in fortified chicken breast. ENRO-incurred samples were examined using this approach, and the results agreed with those obtained from more extensive separation followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Because the threshold can be set at the 3 sigma limit, reliable screening can be accomplished with an error rate of less than 0.26%. Based on this investigation, a high-throughput screening method for ENRO in chicken tissue is proposed.     

基于GIS和Logistic模型的香榧生态适宜性评价

研究香榧栽培的生态适宜性将为香榧的引种、扩种和区划提供理论依据。该研究在GIS支持下,以地学数据库为基础,以logistic 回归模型为手段,利用高分辨率遥感影像、数字高程模型以及土壤、气象和实地调查等资料对研究区香榧生态适宜性开展精确评价。研究结果表明,香榧栽培高度适宜区和中度适宜区累计占总面积的61.7%,其中高度适宜区面积达183 hm2,占总面积的11.4%,说明研究区香榧栽培发展潜力巨大。该评价结果为当地香榧资源产业化发展提供了科学依据。     

Amendments of Activated Carbon and Biosolid on the Growth and Cadmium Uptake of Soybean Grown in Potted Cd-Contaminated Soils

Cadmium-contaminated soils can be re-used and also produce biomass energy if we plant soybeans or other biomass crops in the contaminated sites. In this study, two soils with pH values of 5.9 and 6.7 were artificially spiked to make their final total concentration as CK (about 1.0), 3.0, and 5.0 mg Cd kg^?1. Different amendments were mixed with these artificially Cd-contaminated soils to study the effect on the growth and Cd uptake of soybean, which include control (without amendment addition), powder-activated carbon (1%), and biosolids (sludge, 5%), respectively. Three kilograms of the treated soils was added into each pot and sowed 10 seeds of soybean (Leichardt species). The experiment was conducted in a 25°C greenhouse and controlled the soil water contents in the levels of 50–70% water holding capacity during the experimental period. Plants were harvested after growing for 90 days, and their fresh weights, dry weights, and plant heights were determined and recorded. Compared with the lower pH soil (5.9), soybeans were higher and have higher fresh weights and dry weights when growing in the higher pH soil (6.7). For most of the treatments, the two amendments had no significant effects on the plant heights of soybeans. For 3.0 or 5.0 mg Cd kg^?1 soil, the application of biosolids has significant effect on increasing the fresh weights and dry weights of soybeans (p?<?0.05). However, there were no specific effects of applying activated carbons on the fresh weights and dry weights of soybeans.     

盐碱地高盐废水电解脱氯同步制氢特性

就近利用风光能电解盐碱地治理过程中产生的高盐废水,是同步实现风光消纳、废水处理和H₂/Cl₂生产的有效途径。然而,盐碱地治理废水盐浓度较低且盐离子种类众多,直接电解严重影响脱氯制氢效率。该研究通过开展盐碱地治理废水的电解试验,讨论了盐浓度及不同除杂工艺对废水脱氯制氢特性的影响规律。结果表明,不同盐浓度废水电解的H₂/Cl₂产率与电流密度呈线性关系,且产H₂速率稍大于产Cl₂速率。电流密度和pH值均随盐浓度升高先增大后减小,废水中盐浓度为3.5 mol/L时,电解后最终电流密度和阴极的pH值均最大,电解效果最优。添加Ca(OH)₂对废水进行电解前除杂,可将浓缩废水中Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和SO₄^2-浓度分别降低至0.02、0.1和0.2 mol/L。电解过程中通入CO₂能够进一步降低杂质离子对废水电解的不利影响,使电解脱氯制氢性能相...     

基于图像处理的玉米收割机导航路线检测方法

快速精准的检测出导航路线并对田端做出准确判断是收割机视觉导航的前提。为解决玉米收割机导航作业过程中因玉米列阴影、玉米田端的杂草等因素对检测精度干扰的问题,该文通过分析视觉导航图像的颜色特征去除阴影干扰,对玉米收割机提取导航作业路径和判断田端提出了检测算法。为减少计算量,设定关注区域作为非第一帧图像的处理范围;为去除玉米列阴影对检测结果造成的干扰,强调关注区域内G(绿色)分量并减弱R(红色)或B(蓝色)分量;为加快处理速度,采用跳行累计G分量的方式确定候补点。在关注区域内对图像中去除阴影干扰后的G分量垂直累计值查找候补点,对图像上半部分收敛性好的候补点通过方差计算确定出已知点,再利用过已知点Hough变换拟合出玉米列边界所在的导航线。最后采用R分量的连续突变判断收割机是否到达田端。田间试验表明:目标直线的平均检测时间为50.13 ms/帧,对田端的检测准确可靠,满足玉米收割的作业要求。该研究成果也适用于高粱等其它高杆作物的机械化收获应用。     

乙醇-磷酸预处理对稻草酶解糖化的影响

为了提高制生物质酒精时稻草酶解糖化率,该文采用常温常压乙醇-磷酸预处理稻草。研究了预处理温度、乙醇体积分数、预处理时间对稻草糖化率的影响以及最优条件下的回用乙醇-磷酸预处理稻草糖化效果。结果表明,在50℃、乙醇体积分数50%、处理时间60?min条件下,稻草酶解糖化率从10.03%提高到57.75%。回用乙醇-磷酸预处理后稻草糖化率达到56.89%,与乙醇-磷酸预处理后糖化率相接紧,可减少蒸馏回收乙醇次数,降低能量消耗,节省运行费用。对比预处理前后稻草物理和化学性质的变化表明,乙醇-磷酸预处理使稻草的晶状结构遭到破坏、孔隙度增加、比表面增大,易于被微生物或酶酶解。乙醇-磷酸预处理后的过滤液容易通过蒸馏、离心、过滤等方式分离得出乙醇、木质素、磷酸等有用原料。该研究提供了一种温和条件下可运用于循环生产的稻草预处理方法。     

分布式多源农林物联网感知数据共享平台研发

由于农业和林业传感器种类繁多、数据传输协议多样,在各个物联网数据应用系统之间形成了信息孤单现象,难以实现物联网传感器数据的交互共享。因此,该文以农林领域常见传感器数据为研究对象,针对不同类型传感器节点及采集数据差异性等特点,采用符号表示法表达传感器节点数据,设计了通用数据交互格式;针对其海量性特点,采用分布式面向服务的结构方法及成熟的开发技术,设计了分布式多源农林物联网感知数据共享平台。该平台由数据中心子系统、数据适配子系统、数据存储子系统、数据发布子系统及数据传输总线5部分组成,分别实现了传感器节点注册、多源差异数据的接入适配、数据的分布式存储、数据标准化发布及数据传输等功能,为农林领域不同物联网设备与数据应用系统之间架起了数据桥梁,实现了农业和林业物联网感知数据的统一管理。目前,平台分别接入了顺义、新疆、杨凌、通州等17个合作单位的550个传感器节点数据,接入数据量每天超过10 000条,运行状态良好。