海岛棉愈伤组织诱导及分化的影响因素初探

本研究以新疆自育海岛棉品种新海16无菌苗下胚轴为外植体材料,进行愈伤组织诱导、分化及再生植株的初步研究,筛选出适合于海岛棉体细胞胚胎再生的培养体系。结果表明,最佳诱导愈伤组织及分化配方为MSB附加0.1mg/L2,4-D及0.05mg/LKT,分化率达到88%;于MSB1附加0.01mg/LKT及0.3mg/LNAA中对胚性愈伤组织进行增值培养;由MSB2附加0.1mg/LIBA中可分化出成熟体细胞胚胎及再生植株,分化率达73%。本研究通过体细胞胚胎发生途径获得了海岛棉再生植株,为海岛棉遗传转化体系的建立及分子育种奠定了基础。     

HPLC法测定帕那珠利的含量

建立了帕那珠利原料药含量测定的HPLC法.以0.2％乙酸水溶液-乙腈(43∶57)为流动相,采用Diamonsil C18反相色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),柱温35℃,流速1 mL/min,紫外检测波长255 nm.在此实验条件下,帕那珠利在10 ～ 100 μg/mL浓度范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.9999,n=5);精密度良好,RSD为0.25％(n=5);平均回收率为98.6％,RSD为1.2％.(n=9);重现性良好,RSD为0.69％(n=5);样品在24h内稳定,RSD为0.74％.本方法准确、简便、快速,可以用于帕那珠利的含量测定.     

和田管花肉苁蓉种子不同方式接种试验比较

选择人工柽柳林开展了肉苁蓉接种试验,比较不同寄主质量对肉苁蓉接种率的影响、不同接种方法接种率差异和不同径级根系的接种效果。结果表明:在相同的寄主和管理条件下,种子浆沾根接种率高于种子纸接种;相同的管理条件和接种方法,树势旺盛的寄主接种率高;接种率与土壤墒情密切相关,合适的土壤墒情可提高接种率;接种沟内所有径级的根系均有接种成功的可能。     

日光温室番茄寡照灾害等级指标研究

为了初步确定日光温室番茄苗期及花果期冬季寡照灾害等级指标。基于日光温室内番茄苗期、花果期寡照对比观测试验,将冬季温室番茄生产寡照分为无灾、轻灾、中灾、重灾4个等级。通过1、3、5、7、10、15天寡照及恢复处理,对寡照植株样本及对照植株样本进行光合速率的观测分析,结合试验过程中样本生长性状表征以及经寡照处理后的样本产量统计分析,确定寡照等级指标。结果表明,苗期寡照指标为：无灾（3天及3天以下）、轻灾（4~7天）、中灾（8~10天）、重灾（10天以上）;花果期寡照指标为：无灾（3天及3天以下）、轻灾（4~5天）、中灾（5~10天）、重灾（10天以上）。本研究为开展日光温室番茄寡照预警提供依据。     

Linolenic acid-modified chitosan for formation of self-assembled nanoparticles

Chitosan was modified by coupling with linolenic acid through the 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyyl)carbodiimide-mediated reaction. The degree of substitution was measured by 1H NMR, and it was 1.8%, i.e., 1.8 linolenic acids group per 100 anhydroglucose units. The critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of the self-aggregate of hydrophobically modified chitosan was determined by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the pyrene as a fluorescent probe. The CAC value in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution (pH 7.4) was 5 x 10(-2) mg/mL. The average particle size of self-aggregates of hydrophobically modified chitosan in PBS solution (pH 7.4) was 210.8 nm with a unimodal size distribution ranging from 100 to 500 nm. A transmission electron microscopy study showed that the formation of near spherical shape nanoparticles had enough structural integrity. The loading ability of hydrophobically modified chitosan (LA-chitosan) was investigated by using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein. Self-aggregated nanoparticles exhibited an increased loading capacity (19.85 +/- 0.04 to 37.57 +/- 0.25%) with an increasing concentration of BSA (0.1-0.5 mg/mL).     

不同脱水条件下蝴蝶兰类原球茎的失水程度与耐脱水性

为了解蝴蝶兰类原球茎(PLB)耐脱水性规律,本研究通过取一定数目、鲜重的PLB样品分别经不同相对湿度或时间脱水后进行相关测定,结果表明经相对湿度52%下脱水2d的PLB含水率13.31g/gdw(脱水重/鲜重比值40.62%)是质膜损伤和胁迫致死的临界含水率。虽然不同脱水条件使材料达到接近的含水率,但较高湿度脱水对PLB组织细胞伤害较小。相较于含水率指标,PLB脱水重/鲜重比值与相对电导率、成活率有良好的线性关系。进一步的研究表明PLB脱水处理前用水浸泡不能明显提高脱水后的PLB脱水重/鲜重比值,但能明显提高成活率。从实验结果我们可以得出,慢速脱水蝴蝶兰PLB可减轻脱水损伤,降低脱水损伤对PLB起始含水率的敏感性;采用PLB脱水重/鲜重比值替代含水率表示材料失水程度是可取的。     

DATS reduces LPS-induced iNOS expression, NO production, oxidative stress, and NF-kappaB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages

Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), diallyl sulfide (DAS), and diallyl disulfide (DADS) are the three major organosulfur compounds (OSCs) in garlic oil. In contrast to DADS and DATS, evidence of an anti-inflammatory effect of DATS is limited. In this study compares the efficacy of DATS with those of DAS and DADS on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The NO production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages was suppressed by both DADS and DATS in a dose-dependent manner. At 100 muM, the nitrite levels of DADS- and DATS-treated cells were 57 and 34%, respectively, of cells treated with LPS alone. DAS, however, had no influence on NO production even at a concentration of 1 mM. Western blot and Northern blot assays showed that DADS and DATS but not DAS dose-dependently suppressed LPS-induced iNOS protein and mRNA expression in a pattern similar to that noted for NO production. LPS-induced cellular peroxide production was significantly inhibited by DADS and DATS (P < 0.05) but not by DAS. Electrophoresis mobility shift assays further indicated that DADS and DATS effectively inhibited the activation of NF-kappaB induced by LPS. Taken together, these results indicate that the differential efficacy of three major OSCs of garlic oil on suppression of iNOS expression and NO production is related to the number of sulfur atoms and is in the order DATS > DADS > DAS. The inhibitory effect of DATS on LPS-induced iNOS expression is likely attributed to its antioxidant potential to inhibit NF-kappaB activation.     

Gene cloning, expression, and biochemical characterization of a recombinant trehalose synthase from Picrophilus torridus in Escherichia coli

A trehalose synthase (TSase) gene from a hyperacidophilic, thermophilic archaea, Picrophilus torridus, was synthesized using overlap extension PCR and transformed into Escherichia coli for expression. The purified recombinant P. torridus TSase (PTTS) showed an optimum pH and temperature of 6.0 and 45 degrees C, respectively, and the enzyme maintained high activity at pH 5.0 and 60 degrees C. Kinetic analysis showed that the enzyme has a 2.5-fold higher catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(M)) for maltose than for trehalose, indicating maltose as the preferred substrate. The maximum conversion rate of maltose into trehalose by the enzyme was independent of the substrate concentration, tended to increase at lower temperatures, and reached approximately 71% at 20 degrees C. Enzyme activity was inhibited by Hg2+, Al3+, and SDS. Five amino acid residues that are important for alpha-amylase family enzyme catalysis were shown to be conserved in PTTS (Asp203, Glu245, Asp311, His106, and His310) and required for its activity, suggesting this enzyme might employ a similar hydrolysis mechanism.     

Baicalein induction of hydroxyl radical formation via 12-lipoxygenase in human platelets: an ESR study

The pro-oxidant activities of baicalein, morin, myricetin, quercetin, and rutin were examined in various cell-containing systems including human platelets, rat vascular smooth muscle cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), human THP-1 cells, and fibroblast cells. Electron spin resonance (ESR) results showed that only baicalein generated hydroxyl radicals in a resting human platelet suspension, whereas the other flavonoids showed no effects on any of the resting cell systems. A low concentration of arachidonic acid (AA) increased the intensity of hydroxyl radicals, but a high concentration inhibited it. Collagen and thrombin, platelet aggregatory agents that can cause the release of AA by platelets, enhanced baicalein-induced hydroxyl radical formation, whereas ADP and U44619 showed no significant effects. Quinacrine and 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic trifluoromethyl ketone, both PLA2 inhibitors, significantly attenuated baicalein-induced hydroxyl radical formation. These results suggest that baicalein-induced hydroxyl radical formation is associated with AA metabolite enzymes in human platelets. The formation of hydroxyl radicals was significantly inhibited by lipoxygenase inhibitors including nordihydroguaiaretic acid, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epicatechin gallate, and hinokitiol, but was not affected by desferroxamine or the heme protein inhibitors KCN and NaN3. On the other hand, semiquinone free radicals were generated when baicalein was incubated with horseradish peroxidase/H2O2 or platelets/AA. The semiquinone radicals formed in the platelets/AA system could be extensively inhibited by desferroxamine, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, KCN, and NaN3, indicating that prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS)-peroxidase may be involved. The results of this study led to the proposal that baicalein induces hydroxyl radical formation via 12-lipoxygenase and induces semiquinone radical formation via PGHS-peroxidase in human platelets.