我国畜间布鲁氏菌病流行特点及因为分析

畜间布鲁氏菌病近年来在我国呈高发态势,已严重威胁畜牧生产和人类健康。本文通过搜集整理大量数据,结合疫情报告资料和定点监测调查资料,对我国近20年畜间布病流行情况及特点进行总结,系统分析造成我国畜间布病疫情上升的原因,为制定科学防控对策奠定基础。     

我国甜瓜属蔬菜作物特异基因资源的挖掘和利用

对我国甜瓜属蔬菜作物基因资源的优势和基因资源研究利用中存在的问题进行了阐述,提出了当前我国甜瓜属特异基因资源发掘研究的工作重点。     

活性氧自由基对动物健康及饲料质量的影响

本文简单介绍了活性氧(ROS)的定义和劬物体内活性氧的来源,并进一步从机理上探讨了ROS造成的饲料脂质过氧化的原因及其危害,重点阐述了ROS对畜禽健康、生产性能和肉质的影响,同时也指出了机体自身产生的适量的ROS的一些生理意义。     

Cryopreservation of gander semen

1. The effect of dimethylacetamide (DMA) and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) on the cryopreservation of gander semen were investigated. An improved survival rate of spermatozoa after freeze-thawing was obtained when semen was frozen by a fast-freezing procedure on dry ice with 9% DMA as the cryoprotectant. 2. Gander semen, which was frozen during mid season, was tested for fertilising ability in different times of the season. The percentage of fertility during d 3 to d 9 after 2 consecutive inseminations was 68% to 95%, depending on the date of artificial insemination.     

绿壳蛋鸡与兴义矮脚鸡杂交性能的研究分析

摘要：把试验鸡群分为4组：A组为绿壳蛋鸡;B组为兴义矮脚鸡：C组为绿壳蛋鸡（♂）×兴义矮脚鸡（♀）;D组为兴义矮脚鸡（♂）×绿壳蛋鸡（♀）。本试验拟对绿壳蛋鸡、兴义矮脚鸡亲本及其正反交后代的生长性能,0、2、4、6、8、10、12周龄料肉比,以及产蛋性能进行观察与比较。探索两者间的杂交性能,达到改善绿壳蛋鸡早期生长性能和产蛋性能的目的。试验结果表明：4组鸡的体重、胸宽、胸深、体斜长、胸角的差异极显著（P〈0．01）,胫长、胫围、胸骨长差异显著（P〈0．05）。D组的饲料报酬略高于C组（D组早期增重较C组快）。A组饲料报酬最低,B组次之。4组鸡的受精率、孵化率差异极显著（P〈0．01）,蛋重、蛋形指数差异显著（P〈0．05）。利用绿壳蛋鸡和兴义矮脚鸡杂交出来的后代在生长性能和产蛋性能方面都有较好优势,可以充分利用它们各自的优势。进行更深层次研究,满足市场对禽肉及蛋的需求。     

Population changes in Phytophthora infestans in Taiwan associated with the appearance of resistance to metalaxyl

In recent years, late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont) De Bary, has increased in severity in many parts of the world, and this has been associated with migrations which have introduced new, arguably more aggressive, populations of the pathogen. In Taiwan, late blight has been endemic on outdoor tomato crops grown in the highlands since the early 1900s, but recent epidemics have been more damaging. To ascertain the present status of the Taiwanese population of P infestans, 139 isolates of the pathogen collected and maintained by the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC) were characterized using mating type, metalaxyl sensitivity, allozyme genotype, mitochondrial haplotype and RFLP fingerprinting. Up to 1997, all isolates were found to belong to the old clonal lineage of P infestans (US-1 and variants), but in isolates from 1998 a new genotype appeared, and by 2000 this had apparently completely displaced the old population. This new genotype was an A1 mating type and has the dilocus allozyme genotype 100/100/111, 100/100 for the loci coding for glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and peptidase, respectively. These characters, together with RG57 fingerprinting, indicated that these isolates belonged to the US-11 clonal lineage, a minority (11%) being a previously unreported variant of US-11. Whereas metalaxyl-resistant isolates were not detected in the old population, 96% of the new genotypes proved resistant, with the remainder being intermediate in sensitivity. It may be inferred from this sudden, marked change in the characteristics of the Taiwanese P infestans that a new population of the pathogen was introduced around 1997-98 and that this may well have already been metalaxyl-resistant when it arrived, although a role for in situ selection cannot be excluded.     

基于MaxEnt模型的检疫性害虫小蔗螟在中国的潜在分布预测

小蔗螟是重要的检疫性害虫,许多国家将其列入检疫性害虫名录,主要危害甘蔗、玉米等作物。本研究基于小蔗螟分布记录,结合环境数据,采用MaxEnt软件对其在中国潜在分布区进行预测。结果表明：小蔗螟在我国的高度和中度适生区主要分布在海南、云南、广东、广西及福建等。影响小蔗螟分布的最主要环境变量是最暖季平均降雨量和温度变化方差。阐明小蔗螟在我国潜在地理分布及限制其分布的环境变量,可为我国的检疫工作提供理论依据。     

检测南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒胶体金免疫试纸条的建立

由白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera(Horváth)传播的南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒(Southern rice blackstreaked dwarf virus,SRBSDV)是目前我国南方水稻上危害最严重的病毒,为开发简便、快速、准确的SRBSDV病毒检测技术和检测试剂,以感染SRBSDV的植物粗提液为免疫原,利用杂交瘤技术制备了2株抗SRBSDV的单抗(14A8和15G6),并利用制备的单抗建立了可快速、特异、灵敏地检测SRBSDV的胶体金免疫试纸条。结果表明,2株制备单抗的抗体类型及亚类均为Ig G1、kappa链,单抗腹水的间接ELISA效价均达到10~(-7);Western blot分析表明,2株单抗均与SRBSDV的外壳蛋白亚基有特异反应,而不与水稻黑条矮缩病毒(Rice black-streaked dwarf virus,RBSDV)反应。以制备14A8和15G6单抗分别为捕获抗体和胶体金标记抗体,开发成能在5 min内准确、特异地检测水稻植物和白背飞虱传毒介体体内SRBSDV的胶体金免疫试纸条;灵敏度分析表明,该检测试纸条的检测水稻病叶的灵敏度达到1∶6 400倍(g/m L),检测单头携毒白背飞虱的灵敏度达到1∶51 200倍(单头/μL)。田间样品检测结果表明,该试纸条的检测结果与RT-PCR的符合率达到100%。建立的SRBSDV胶体金免疫试纸条可对南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒进行快速、特异、灵敏的诊断和检测。     

辛硫磷混剂毒性联合作用

本研究以Ｈａｒｒｉｓ法对辛硫磷与甲基对硫磷、灭多威以及３种拟除虫菊酯以等毒剂量混配时对大鼠急性经口毒性联合作用的性质进行了评价。结果表明,辛硫磷与甲基对硫磷混配为拮抗作用;与灭多威混本为相加作用;辛硫磷与溴氰菊酯或高效氯氰菊酯混配时毒性分别增加４￣６倍多,呈协同作用;与氰戊菊酯混配虽属相加作用但毒性有较大增加,为预期毒性的１．５倍。本研究表明辛硫磷与有机磷或氨基甲酸酯混配可出现相加或拮抗作用,而与     

谷氨酰胺二肽在断奶仔猪饲料中应用的可行性

<正>谷氨酰胺(Gln)是唯一具有抗氧化和渗透特性的氨基酸,是动物肠、肝和免疫细胞优先利用的燃料,是抗氧化物的前体,并被认为是在炎症情况下的一个条件性必需氨基酸。在应激状态下,Gln通过动物肠道或非肠道减少细菌在细胞内的粘附来减少细菌移位的发生。Gln为蛋白合成提供氮的先体,是快速分裂细胞优先利用的呼吸燃料。已有大量研究证实,Gln能减轻断奶仔猪的腹泻,提高其生产性能。