采前不同钙制剂处理对‘红阳’猕猴桃品质和贮藏性能的影响

为明确不同外源钙制剂在采前处理后对‘红阳’猕猴桃果实品质及贮藏性能的影响,本研究以CaCl2、Ca(NO3)2、氨基酸钙和糖醇钙等4种钙制剂以不同浓度在果实采收前进行喷施,研究不同钙制剂对‘红阳’猕猴桃可溶固形物、总糖、总酸、Vc、果实中钙含量、贮藏后品质变化及腐败率等的影响,以筛选出适合‘红阳’猕猴桃在实际生产中运用的钙制剂种类和施用浓度。其结果表明,1.0%的CaCl2能提高‘红阳’猕猴桃果实的可溶固形物、总糖、Vc含量,减少在贮藏过程中果实的霉变率,其效果优于其他3种钙制剂。该研究结果对‘红阳’猕猴桃采前外源钙制剂的施用提供了科学依据。     

优质脆李新品种‘中李5号’的选育

‘中李5号’李是以‘青脆李’为母本经自然实生选育而成。该品种生长势较强,树姿半开张;在河南省郑州市观察,3月上旬进入初花期,3月中旬进入盛花期,花期持续约10 d;果实发育期约120 d,于7月中旬成熟;果实近圆形,果顶扁平,缝合线浅,平均单果重46.8 g,果皮呈黄绿色,不着红色,果面有明显果粉层;果肉呈浅黄色,肉质细腻、硬脆,汁液多,纤维少,风味酸甜,无香气;果实可溶性固形物含量15.8%,维生素C含量6.82 mg/100 g,可溶性糖含量9.62%,可滴定酸含量0.82%,可食率97.9%;该品种5年生树的株产可达32 kg以上,丰产能力较强,在河南及周边省市李树适生区均可栽植。     

设施延迟栽培条件下杨梅果实品质指标的动态变化

以13年生‘东魁’与‘荸荠种’为试验材料,研究设施延迟栽培对杨梅果实发育过程中果实大小、单果重、糖、酸、花青苷、总酚、VC等品质指标的影响。结果表明：在果实成熟期,设施延迟栽培杨梅的果实大小、单果重、糖酸比、VC含量等品质指标均要优于露地栽培的,两者的总酚含量差异不显著;而延迟栽培后期,设施内杨梅除果实大小、单果重外,其它品质相关指标含量均有所降低。因此,综合果实大小、单果重、糖酸比、VC这些品质指标,杨梅设施延迟栽培的果实品质比露地栽培好,‘东魁’在花后90d左右采摘、‘荸荠种’在花后85d左右采摘为宜。     

天竺葵病害及其防治

概述天竺葵主要病害的病原物、症状及其防治措施,并列出77种天竺葵病害种类名录。     

人工用材林木材产量经营模拟研究

以长白落叶松人工用材林为代表,分别对7个立地等级和3种初植密度(分别为2500株/hm2、3300株/hm2和4400株/hm2)的人工用材林木材产量进行经营模拟。根据立地指数曲线确定不同类型林分在不同林龄阶段的平均树高,利用相关模型推算相应林龄阶段的林分平均胸径和林分平均单株材积。建立林分密度定量管理模型,确定不同立地等级不同初植密度林分在理想状态下的间伐时间、间伐强度及相应的木材收获量,为营林生产和科研提供参考和借鉴。     

巴基斯坦转基因作物发展概况

近年来,发展中国家在转基因技术与商业化发展上取得了巨大进展。巴基斯坦是同中国有着深厚友谊的国家,是“一带一路”政策亚欧非大陆的重要一站。本文介绍了巴基斯坦转基因技术发展现状及转基因商业化情况,研究其管理框架及政策变化等,分析其在政策、监管、知识产权、消费者认知度等方面存在的问题。研究结果对中国转基因政策的制定具有借鉴意义。     

Relay-intercropping soybean with maize maintains soil fertility and increases nitrogen recovery efficiency by reducing nitrogen input

Optimized nitrogen(N)management can increase N-use efficiency in intercropping systems.Legume-nonlegume intercropping systems can reduce N input by exploiting biological N fixation by legumes.Measurement of N utilization can help in dissecting the mechanisms underlying N uptake and utilization in legume-nonlegume intercropping systems.An experiment was performed with three planting patterns:monoculture maize(MM),monoculture soybean(SS),and maize-soybean relay intercropping(IMS),and three N application levels:zero N(NN),reduced N(RN),and conventional N(CN)to investigate crop N uptake and utilization characteristics.N recovery efficiency and 15N recovery rate of crops were higher under RN than under CN,and those under RN were higher under intercropping than under the corresponding monocultures.Compared with MM,IMS showed a lower soil N-dependent rate(SNDR)in 2012.However,the SNDR of MM rapidly declined from 86.8%in 2012 to 49.4%in 2014,whereas that of IMS declined slowly from 75.4%in 2012 to 69.4%in 2014.The interspecific N competition rate(NCRms)was higher under RN than under CN,and increased yearly.Soybean nodule dry weight and nitrogenase activities were respectively 34.2%and 12.5%higher under intercropping than in monoculture at the beginning seed stage.The amount(Ndfa)and ratio(%Ndfa)of soybean N2 fixation were significantly greater under IS than under SS.In conclusion,N fertilizer was more efficiently used under RN than under CN;in particular,the relay intercropping system promoted N fertilizer utilization in comparison with the corresponding monocultures.An intercropping system helps to maintain soil fertility because interspecific N competition promotes biological N fixation by soybean by reducing N input.Thus,a maize-soybean relay intercropping system with reduced N application is sustainable and environmentally friendly.