Body composition and tissue accretion rates of barrows fed corn-soybean meal diets or low-protein, amino acid-supplemented diets at different feeding levels

Two experiments, each with 39 high-lean-gain potential barrows, were conducted to evaluate the organ weights, body chemical composition, and tissue accretion rates of pigs fed corn-soybean meal diets (CONTROL) and low-protein diets supplemented with crystalline lysine, threonine, tryptophan, and methionine either on an ideal protein basis (IDEAL) or in a pattern similar to that of the control diet (AACON). Amino acids were added on a true ileally digestible basis. The initial and final BW were, respectively, 31.5 and 82.3 kg in Exp. 1 and 32.7 and 57.1 kg in Exp. 2, and pigs were fed for 55 and 27 d in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. In Exp. 1, the CONTROL and IDEAL diets were offered on an ad libitum basis, or by feeding 90 or 80% of ad libitum intake. In Exp. 2, the CONTROL, IDEAL, and AACON diets were offered on an ad libitum basis, or by feeding 80% of the ad libitum intake. Three pigs were killed at the start of the experiments and three from each treatment were killed at the end of each experiment to determine body chemical composition. In both trials, the whole-body protein concentration (g/kg) and the accretion rates of protein (g/d) were greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the CONTROL than for pigs fed the IDEAL and AACON diets. In Exp. 1, pigs fed the CONTROL diet had a trend (P < 0.10) for greater water and lower lipid concentration and had greater (P < 0.05) water and ash accretion rates. Whole-body protein concentration was greatest (P < 0.05) in pigs fed at 80% of ad libitum, but protein, water, and ash accretion rates were greatest (P < 0.05) in pigs allowed ad libitum access to feed. In summary, pigs fed the IDEAL and the AACON diets had less protein in the body and lower protein accretion rates than pigs fed the CONTROL diet. It seems that reductions in protein deposition in pigs fed the IDEAL and AACON diets may have been due to a deficiency of one or more essential amino acids or possibly to increases in the NE for metabolic processes leading to increases in adipose tissue deposition.     

春季实行多批次滚动养蚕的情况总结

随着全球气侯的变暖,桑树生产期延长,产叶量增加;加之农村大量劳动力外出,在家养蚕的劳动力越来越少,养蚕劳动强度又大,存在着有桑不养蚕的现象.     

实施兽药GMP的现状分析及思考与对策

现状农业部规定2005年12月31日之前各兽药企业必须通过GMP认证,没通过的将被淘汰,各兽药企业纷纷积极响应。截至今年11月,全国2700多家兽药企业中共有92家企业或其部分车间通过兽药GMP验收,其中91家企业的100个GMP证书在有效期内。通过验收的企业数以每年翻番的速度增长,其中,2001年验收数相当于2000年以前的总和,2002年比2001年验收数增长了78%,2003年11月止比2002年增长了319%。具体兽药GMP企业年度递增表如图1所示。由上图可以看出,我国兽药GMP呈直线递增的良好趋势,为什么会出现上述情况?原因如下:政策推动:农业部颁布了《兽药生…     

我国出口观赏鸟血液原虫的调查与分析

通过显微镜检查对来源于全国各地的37种出口观赏鸟进行了血液原虫调查。共检查血样1144份，结果为：血液原虫的检出率为2．1％，主要是血变原虫和／或疟原虫。感染季节以秋冬两季为主，易感鸟品种主要是白腰文鸟、红喉歌鸲、蓝歌鸲、暗绿绣眼鸟、豆冠、白燕、情侣鹦鹉。     

Inhibition of porcine circovirus type 1 and type 2 production in PK-15 cells by small interfering RNAs targeting the Rep gene

Porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) and type 2 (PCV2) are two genotypes of porcine circovirus. Both of them are presumed to be widespread in the swine population. Currently, there is no specific treatment for their infections. RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence-specific RNA degradation mechanism mediated by small interfering RNA (siRNA), which represents a possible therapeutic application for the treatment of viral infections. In this study, three siRNA expression plasmids (pS-RepA, pS-RepB and pS-RepC) were generated to target three different coding regions of the Rep protein (Rep) of PCV. These siRNAs were used to inhibit PCV production in a porcine kidney cell line, PK-15 cells. Our results revealed that Rep gene expression was inhibited by pS-RepA, pS-RepB and pS-RepC to different degrees. Moreover, our study also showed that the production of PCV1 and PCV2 was reduced by these siRNAs. pS-RepC, which targets the middle region of Rep gene, proved to be the most efficient siRNA for inhibition of Rep expression and viral production. Taken together, our data suggest that RNAi could be investigated as a potential treatment for PCV infection.     

桑蚕五龄不除沙自动上蔟技术初见

随着改革开放政策的深入贯彻,外出务工的农民越来越多,劳动密集型的蚕业遇到了严峻的挑战.如何降低养蚕生产劳动强度,减少养蚕用工,降低养蚕成本,就成了蚕业工作者共同关心的问题.而养蚕劳动强度最大,用工最多的就是5龄阶段.不但天天采叶喂蚕,而且要天天除沙,上蔟时熟蚕要一条一条地捉.由于劳力紧缺,弃桑不管,有桑不养蚕的现象日渐严重.为了稳定蚕业生产,近年来,我们进行了一些试探,采用固定蚕台育,5龄期不除沙,上蔟不捉熟蚕,让其自行结茧获得成功,受到了养蚕大户的欢迎.为了让这一成果得到健康有序的推广,笔者就相关技术谈谈初见.     

不同投喂方式对革胡子鲶消化酶的影响

在（25±1）℃水温、自然光照条件下,设3种投喂方式饲养革胡子鲶（clarias leath-er）：第1种连续投喂整个试验期间不间断,第2和3种分别连续投喂3、7 d 后饥饿1 d,3种方式分别以R0（对照组）、R1/3、R1/7表示,试验周期共45 d。结果显示：R0、R1/3和R1/7组胃、后肠和肝脏中蛋白酶活性影响差异不显著,但前肠和中肠内蛋白酶活性影响存在差异(P<0.05)。R0、R1/3、R1/7组的胃、前肠、中肠、后肠和肝脏中淀粉酶影响不显著,R0、R1/3、R1/7的胃、前肠和肝脏内脂肪酶活性影响差异显著(P<0.05),而R0、R1/3、R1/7组中肠和后肠中脂肪酶活性影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

急性感染肝片吸虫水牛的某些免疫反应研究

本实验选用12头体重为300－500kg，年龄2－3岁的雄性去势水牛，经粪便检查和Dot-ELISA检测确认为无肝片吸虫感染后，随机分为感染组（n=9）和对照组（n=3）。感染组每头水牛1次性经口感染1600个肝片吸虫囊蚴。实验期间由专人饲养，自由采食青干草和饮水。每周定时颈静脉采血，测定外周血淋巴细胞增殖反应、白细胞介素－2（IL－2）水平、T和B淋巴细胞比例、IgG水平以及血清蛋白总量和比例。结果表明：感染组水牛的T淋巴细胞刺激指数在感染后2－8周高于对照组，但刺激指数和IL－2与对照组均无显著性差异。感染组水牛的外周血T淋巴细胞比例从感染后第1周显著下降，以后一直在低于对照组水平波动，而淋巴细胞从感染后第1周开始显著升高，且一直在高于对照组范围内波动。感染组水牛的α-球蛋白、β－球蛋白与对照组相比均无显著性差异，而白蛋白从第5周开始显著下降，以后维持在低于对照组的水平范围波动；γ－球蛋白从第5周显著高于对照组，以后于对照组范围波动。感染组水牛的抗ES抗原（分泌－排泄抗原）的IgG抗体水平从第2周升高，并持续至实验结束。结果提示：体液免疫应答反应是水牛抗肝片吸虫感染的重要机制。     

关于生物安全隔离区建设试点的几点思考

动物疫病区划管理是当前国际通行的动物疫病管理措施,目的是实现动物疫病控制或净化,提高动物卫生水平,促进动物、动物产品的国际贸易。2003年,世界动物卫生组织(OIE)提出了动物疫病区域化管理新模式--生物安全隔离区划,即在同一生物安全管理系统下,通过采取监测、控制和生物安全管理措施,建立并维持无一种或多种特定动物疫病状态的无疫生物安全隔离区。虽然该概念提出时间较短,但已引起了全世界范围的广泛关注,欧盟和澳大利亚、泰国等一些畜牧业发达国家都在进行积极地研究和探索。我国也在无疫示范区建设基础上,根据OIE有关标准和建议,研究制定生物安全隔离区建设和评价标准,并着手开展试点工作。     

胸膜莫肺炎放线杆菌APXIV部分基因片段的表达及纯化

参照GenBank中已发表的ApxIV基因序列,以自行分离的App DNA为模板,利用PCR方法扩增出ApxIV3'端,大小为552bp的保守基因序列.将PCR产物克隆到pMD18-T Simple Vector中,获得重组质粒pMD-ApxIV,对其重组质粒pMD-ApxIV进行BamHI、HindIII双酶切,并将酶切产物克隆到原核表达载体pET-32a(+)中,构建了重组表达质粒pET-ApxIV.将表达质粒转化至大肠杆菌BL21中,用IPTG诱导表达,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析,结果表明pET-ApxIV在BL21中成功表达,并能被App阳性血清所识别,具有良好的免疫原性.表达蛋白的分子质量约为39.5KDa.利用HiTrap FF crude columns将表达的蛋白进行了纯化.