饲用酸化剂对1～63日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响

本试验旨在评估饲用酸化剂对1~63日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、肠道损伤和盲肠微生物菌群变化的影响,同时探讨壳寡糖对饲用酸化剂的增效作用。试验采用单因素完全随机区组设计,设对照组(Con.)、饲用酸化剂(Trt.1)和饲用酸化剂+壳寡糖(Trt.2)共3个处理。每个处理5个重复,每个重复50羽。饲养周期为63天。试验结果表明,从零日龄开始持续在黄羽肉鸡日粮中添加饲用酸化剂、饲用酸化剂+壳寡糖后,对1~21d和22~42d阶段黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响未达显著(P0.05)水平;但在43~63d阶段时,与对照组相比,添加饲用酸化剂、饲用酸化剂+壳寡糖组的耗料增重比分别降低0.11和0.14,具有极大的生产意义;且饲用酸化剂添加组盲肠大肠杆菌/乳酸杆菌值显著(P0.05)低于对照组,饲用酸化剂+壳寡糖添加组盲肠大肠杆菌/乳酸杆菌值显著(P0.05)低于对照组和饲用酸化剂添加组。说明饲用酸化剂可通过维持肠道健康,促进养分消化吸收,从而提高饲料利用率;而壳寡糖在平衡肠道菌群、维持肠道健康方面对饲用酸化剂有增效作用。     

松属(Pinus L.)三个种针叶解剖初步研究

云南Pinus yunnanensis Franch.,地盘松Pinus yunnanensis var. Pygmaea (Hsüch) Hsüeh.和思茅松P. kesiya Roylc ex Cord var.langbianensis (A. Chev.) Gausseu.三个种针叶的形态解剖,过去不少学者有过报逍,但缺乏详细的专题比较。本文就三个种针叶的内部解剖结构进行比较研究,从观察中找肉它们之间在内部结构上的异同,并进行分析研究。     

嘉兰(Gloriosa superba L.)的胚胎发育研究

嘉兰(Gloriosa superba L.)的胚珠是倒生型,具双珠被和厚珠心。单个孢原细胞平周分裂,形成初生周缘细胞和初生造孢细胞,后者直接起大孢子母细胞的作用。四个大孢子线型排列。通常合点端大孢子是有功能的,但也见到珠孔端大孢子具功能。胚囊发育属蓼型。成熟胚囊是八核七细胞的。助细胞具丝状器,反足细胞具有传递细胞的某些特征。大孢子发生和雌配子体形成的过程中,胼胝质和多糖的积累和消失有一定的规律性。嘉兰花基数为3,子房上位,子房由三个合生的心皮组成,三室中轴胎座。在发育过程中胚珠经历了直生、弯生、横生和倒生的过程。内外珠被先后在造孢细胞形成后分化,在发育前期,内珠被长于外珠被,并由它形成了珠孔道,当外珠被伸长后与内珠被共同构成了珠孔。内珠被细胞层数恒定为两层,而外珠被细胞层数则变化于4~5层间。珠柄中的维管束多为螺纹,环纹导管和管胞组成,由胎座发出后经珠柄到合点端终止,内外珠被中均无维管束。厚珠心,珠心细胞为3~4层,由周缘细胞分裂形成。珠心细胞富含淀粉粒,其细胞解体缓慢,尤其珠孔端,直至成熟胚囊阶段,仍有很发达的珠心细胞。     

云南松(Pinus Yunnanensis)冻害形态解剖的研究

本文结合生产研究云南松在异常温度下(-5.2℃左右)受害的反映。主要描述1.云南松冻害后所反映出的形态特征。2.从外部形态特征,判断植株受害的程度。3.受害程度与海拔高度的关系。4.在相同海拔高度下,不同受害程度,分生细胞破坏的象征,以及生活细胞中物质的动态变化。5.从受冻植株解剖反映的特征,了解植株冻害后恢复的可塑性大小。从而了解云南松受冻的内外原因。以及内外条件的相关性,进一步判断植株恢复的可能性,为冻害后的营林措拖提供理论依据。     

Assessing the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis) stock in Maine, USA

The green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis) fishery is of great importance to Maine’s economy. The fishery took off in the late 1980s as a result of expanding export markets, but has experienced substantial decline in landings since 1992 because of large decreases in urchin stock abundance. Fishery-independent surveys have not been conducted, and no formal stock assessment has been done prior to this study. Using the data collected from the fishery and urchin life history parameters derived from scientific studies, we conducted a formal stock assessment for the urchin stock. A stochastic observation-error length-structured model is used to describe the dynamics of the sea urchin population. A robust Bayesian approach is used for estimating fishery parameters because of concerns of possible outliers in fisheries data and mis-specification of priors. This study shows that the current stock is only 10% of the virgin stock biomass and that the exploitation rate is close to 40% suggesting that a large reduction in exploitation rate is necessary.     

The Effects of Freshwater Clam (Corbicula fluminea) Extract on Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) in Prediabetic Patients in Taiwan

Freshwater clam extract (FCE) is a functional food that regulates the immune system and has been demonstrated in numerous studies to display desirable anti–tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) responses. In addition, excess TNF-α production is positively associated with type 2 diabetes. However, few longitudinal clinical studies evaluating the efficiency and toxicity of FCE are available. This article reports that patients with prediabetes who received FCE had a desirable outcome of a reduction in serum TNF-α for a long period. This was a double-blind, randomized, parallel clinical trial conducted using FCE intervention and placebo groups, and 36 patients with prediabetes were enrolled. Two grams of FCE or placebo was consumed daily for 180 consecutive days. The serum of the participants was collected at four time points (0M: before the intervention; 3M: after 3 months of intervention; 6M: after 6 months of intervention; 12M: 6 months after cessation of intervention at 6M). A serum TNF-α concentration higher than 4.05 pg/mL was defined as a cut-off value. FCE reduced serum TNF-α in all participants at 6M and 12M. Moreover, FCE significantly suppressed serum TNF-α concentrations at 6M and 12M and inhibited TNF-α release with time series in subjects with elevated TNF-α values. FCE intervention effectively reduced serum TNF-α and persistently sustained the effects for half a year in patients with prediabetes. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GS-MS) analysis revealed that the major components of FCE were phytosterols and fatty acids, which exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-TNF-α abilities. Hence, FCE has the potential to be developed as a natural treatment for prediabetic patients in Taiwan.     

南平市延平区马铃薯生产现状与发展对策

通过4a来对延平区马铃薯产业的调查研究,脱毒马铃薯品种的引进筛选,示范推广的实践,分析马铃薯产业现状,探讨存在的问题,提出发展对策,为进一步加快延平区的马铃薯产业发展提供依据。