美国大豆工业海洋网箱水产养殖技术近海海水鱼类养殖网箱工程技术手册（十四）

（上接2010年第9期） VI数学模型 1．总观在2007年,应美国大豆工业协会OCAT项目的要求New Hampshire（UNH）大学机械工程部和海洋工程中心的工程师建立了一个OCAT网箱数学模型用于预测网箱的动态和静态负载。在UNH开发了用于模拟养殖系统的数学模型,使用了Aqua-FE预测OCAT系统在海洋环境下的状况。     

美国大豆工业海洋网箱水产养殖技术近海海水鱼类养殖网箱工程技术手册（十七）

对常规和非常规的波浪和水流状况的模拟结果进行处理和归类使关键的信息很容易被确认,并且能够对二种不同的网箱系统进行比较。为了能做到这点各加载网箱的重要数据首先被取出,如最大锚链的张力或网箱位移的平均值。然后就可以分别找出网箱和锚定系统加载响应和运动响应幅度因子（RAOs）。RAO是用于预测海上船只或物体可能的动态行为的规范化的响应。RAOs是一个转换函数,被定义为网箱对于波浪力响应的比例或,     

美国大豆工业海洋网箱水产养殖技术近海海水鱼类养殖网箱工程技术手册（二十一）

4．网箱框架的分析 （1）原型建造 制作研究首先涉及的是建造整个OCAT网箱框架的原型。用架构件制作了框架的几何形状。这个原型结构包括了368个节点和372根条状部件。     

美国大豆工业海洋网箱水产养殖技术近海海水鱼类养殖网箱工程技术手册（四）

（上接2009年第11期） （5）系网箱的绳索 海洋网箱水产养殖技术网箱用系网箱绳索与单点系泊系统的系泊连接件相连,系泊绳索分别捆绑于海洋网箱水产养殖技术网箱框架的上、下拐角部件（见图14和图15）。绳索的每一端编成一带孔的环。上部2根绳索和一延伸的绳索绞连后与系泊连接件相连。     

Biomass variation across selectively logged forest within a 225-km region of Borneo and its prediction by Landsat TM

Estimates of biomass integrated over forest management areas such as selective logging coupes, can be used to assess available timber stocks, variation in ecological status and allow extrapolation of local measurements of carbon stocks. This study uses fifty 0.1 ha plots to quantify mean tree biomass of eight logging coupes (each 450–2500 ha) and two similarly sized areas in un-logged forest. These data were then correlated with the spectral radiance of individual Landsat-5 TM bands over the 15 km × 15 km study area. Explanation of the differences in radiance between the ten forest sites was aided by measurements of the relative reflectance of selected leaves and canopies from ground and helicopter platforms.     

Effect of intravenous lidocaine and ketamine on isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration in goats

This study evaluated the effects of IV lidocaine (L) and ketamine (K), alone and in combination (LK), on the isoflurane MAC (ISO_MAC) in goats. It was hypothesized that L and K would reduce ISO_MAC and that the effect of LK would be additive. Eight adult goats (24–51 kg) were used in the study. Each goat was studied on four occasions, at weekly intervals, using a randomized crossover design. Anesthesia was induced with isoflurane (ISO) in O₂ and goats were intubated and ventilated to normocapnia. End‐tidal ISO (ET_ISO) and CO₂ were monitored with a calibrated infrared analyzer. Body temperature was maintained in the normal range using a heating pad. Approximately 45 minutes after intubation, and with the ET_ISO having been held constant for at least 20 minutes, determination of the baseline MAC (MAC_B) was initiated. A noxious stimulus, which consisted of clamping a claw between the jaws of a 10‐inch Vulsellum forceps, was administered for 60 seconds or until purposeful movement occurred. If purposeful movement occurred, the ET_ISO was increased by 0.1 vols% otherwise it was decreased by 0.1 vols% and the stimulus was reapplied following a 20 minute equilibration period. Following MAC_B determination treatments were administered as a loading dose (Ld) in 10 mL 0.9% NaCl over 3 minutes followed by a constant rate infusion to a final volume of 60 mL hour^–1 in 0.9% NaCl, as follows: L (Ld 2.5 mg kg^–1 + 100 μg kg^–1 minutes^–1); K (Ld 1.5 mg kg^–1 + 50 μg kg^–1minutes); LK or 0.9% NaCl. Post‐treatment MAC (MAC_T) determination began 45 minutes after the start of the loading dose. MAC_B and MAC_T were determined in triplicate and the mean value was used for data analysis. Difference in percent change in MAC was tested using a mixed‐model anova . Means separation among levels of treatment was tested using the Tukey‐Kramer method. The mean MAC_B for all treatments was 1.13 ± 0.03 vols%. L, K and LK reduced (p < 0.05) MAC_B by 19%, 49% and 69%, respectively. No change (p > 0.05) occurred with saline. It was concluded that L and K caused clinically significant decreases in ISO_MAC; however, the percent MAC reduction with L was less than expected given the MAC reduction reported with L for other species. The combination (LK) caused a profound decrease in ISO_MAC and this effect was additive.