富硒区茶树鲜叶中硒累积与土壤因子的相关性分析

茶树是富硒植物,饮用富硒茶是一种安全、有效的补硒途径之一。茶叶的硒含量受多种环境因素影响,但有关富硒茶区茶树硒积累特性及主要影响因子的研究还鲜有报道。以高硒茶区湖北恩施、陕西安康不同地点生产茶园成龄茶树和根际土壤为研究对象,结合土壤及植物样品全硒含量等多种指标,明确了根际土壤硒含量对茶树硒分布特性的影响,分析了富硒区土壤pH、硒含量等9个重要土壤特性相关因子的数值分布规律。通过对186组具有代表性的土壤样品和附生茶树新梢组织检测数据进行分组和整体相关性分析,证实了富硒区茶叶全硒含量与土壤硒含量之间存在极显著相关（相关系数r=0.59,P<0.01）,揭示了茶叶全硒含量与土壤有机质含量、水解性氮、锌含量以及茶叶中硫、锌含量的显著相关,同时对安康和恩施地区的土壤和茶叶硒含量相关因素进行了深入分析。提出了茶叶硒含量对土壤有机质含量、硫含量、硒含量和锌含量的数学模型,模型拟合优度为0.512 6,达极显著水平（P<0.01）。     

草海桐链格孢叶斑病菌生物学特性及杀菌剂的室内筛选

西沙群岛草海桐链格孢叶斑病发生普遍,前期笔者鉴定了该病的病原菌为长柄链格孢菌（Alternaria longipes）。为进一步明确该病原菌的生物学特性及其对杀菌剂的敏感性,采用生长速率法对长柄链格孢菌的生物学特性进行了初步研究,并测定了苯醚甲环唑等13种杀菌剂对该病原菌的室内毒力。结果表明：该菌菌落最适生长培养基为马铃薯葡萄糖固体培养基（PDA）,其次是马铃薯蔗糖固体培养基（PSA）;适宜生长温度范围为25~30℃,最适生长温度为28℃;适宜生长pH为5.0~7.0,最适pH为6.0;最佳碳源为蔗糖,而果糖不利于菌落生长;最佳氮源为甘氨酸,而尿素不利于菌落生长;光照时间对菌落生长无显著影响。室内毒力测定表明,苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂的抑菌效果最好,EC₅₀值为0.15 μg/mL,其次是氟硅唑乳油、己唑醇悬浮剂和戊菌唑乳油,其EC₅₀值分别为0.37、0.44和0.51 μg/mL,嘧菌酯悬浮剂和多菌灵可湿性粉剂的抑菌效果最差,EC₅₀值均大于3000 μg/mL。     

不同沼液灌溉量下橡胶幼苗生长及土壤肥力特征

为明确不同沼液灌溉量下橡胶幼苗的生长状况及土壤肥力特征,以便科学指导施肥,本研究以橡胶树实生苗为研究对象,采用土培试验方法,设置7个不同沼液用量处理,分别为0 mL（T0）、471 mL（T1）、942 mL（T2）、1413 mL（T3）、1884 mL（T4）、2355 mL（T5）、2826 mL（T6）,测定分析了不同沼液用量的橡胶幼苗长势及主要土壤肥力因子。结果表明：沼液灌溉有利于橡胶幼苗生长,不同处理间橡胶幼苗苗木质量指数大小顺序为：T4（1884 mL）>T3（1413 mL）、T5（2355 mL）>T2（942 mL）>T0（0 mL）、T1（471 mL）>T6（2826 mL）,沼液施用量为T4处理时苗木质量指数最佳,株高、地径指标偏优,预示植株定植成活率高;同时施用沼液有利于土壤养分含量的增加,并提高土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶活性;采用主成分分析法和隶属度函数法对试验组土壤质量综合指数进行计算,结果表明,试验组土壤质量综合指数表现为T3（0.933）>T5（0.906）>T4（0.855）>T2（0.826）>T6（0.794）>T1（0.742）。研究认为,施加沼液可明显改良土壤化学性质,但过度施加沼液会降低苗木质量指数,且沼液量为1413~1884 mL时为最适灌溉量。     

黄蝉花素抑制斜纹夜蛾生长发育作用

室内测定了黄蝉花素对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的抑制生长发育活性。结果表明,黄蝉花素对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的抑制生长发育活性与其处理浓度具有一定的相关性。与对照相比,处理组食物消耗量减少,幼虫生长发育被抑制,发育历期延长。处理组幼虫在蛹期不能正常化蛹而形成畸形蛹,羽化后的成虫表现为形态畸形。在预蛹期和蛹期由于不能正常蜕皮导致死亡率较高。研究显示黄蝉花素作为一类新型的昆虫生长发育控制剂或害虫田间种群管理的先导化合物值得进一步研究。     

豫皖小麦田麦根腐平脐蠕孢交配型基因检测

麦根腐平脐蠕孢是一种可以引起多种植物病害的病原真菌,广泛分布于世界各地,对全世界的禾谷类作物生产带来了不可估量的损失。子囊菌交配型基因具有一定的广泛性,其编码的产物是调控子囊菌有性生殖的重要转录因子。为了对河南、安徽小麦田分离获得的麦根腐平脐蠕孢群体的MAT基因型进行探索,对在河南、安徽两省不同地区分离获得33株麦根腐平脐蠕孢菌株,利用麦根腐平脐蠕孢菌的MAT特异性引物进行基因型检测,并对不同交配型代表菌株进行生长形态、孢子形态观察和致病力测定,对麦根腐平脐蠕孢菌 MAT-2基因进行了系统发育分析。结果表明,河南、安徽两省存在两种MAT基因型的麦根腐平脐蠕孢群体,含有 MAT-2基因的菌株21株,含 MAT-1基因的菌株12株,比例为7∶4（ MAT-2∶ MAT-1）。两种交配型菌株的生长形态、孢子形态和致病力无显著差异,整体分析结果与物种的分子系统学分析表现出来的亲缘关系基本一致。     

Experimental study on radiation utilization efficiency and soil temperature in paddy field with different irrigation methods in Northeast China

Paddy and Water Environment - In order to investigate the radiation utilization efficiency and soil temperature with different irrigation methods in cold region and black glebe, northeast, China,...     

Effects of platelet-rich plasma on chondrocyte apoptosis and NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway in rabbits with osteoarthritis

AIM To explore the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on rabbit osteoarthritis and its possible mechanism. METHODS The rabbits with knee osteoarthritis were prepared and then divided into model group, sodium hyaluronate (SH) group and PRP group, and another sham operation group was set up, with 6 rabbits in each group. The gross morphological changes of rabbit cartilage were observed. HE staining was used to evaluate the pathomorphological changes of the cartilage. TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis of chondrocytes. The expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)/interleukin-1β （IL-1β） signaling pathway-related molecules was observed by immunohistochemical staining, and the protein levels of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by Western blot. Chondrocytes were isolated and processed according to grouping, and the NLRP3 and IL-1β levels of the cells were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Compared with sham operation group, Pelletier score, Mankin score, chondrocyte apoptotic rate, the positive protein expression rates of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), caspase-1 and IL-1β, and the protein levels of caspase-3 and Bax in model group were increased significantly (P<0.05), while the protein expression of Bcl-2 was decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with model group, Pelletier score, Mankin score, the apoptotic rate of chondrocytes, the positive protein expression rates of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and IL-1β, and the protein levels of caspase-3 and Bax in SH group and PRP group were decreased significantly (P<0.05), while the protein expression of Bcl-2 was increased significantly (P<0.05). In PRP group, Pelletier score, Mankin score, the apoptotic rate of chondrocytes, the positive protein expression rates of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and IL-1β, and the protein levels of caspase-3 and Bax were lower than those in SH group, while the protein expression of Bcl-2 was higher than that in SH group (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the expression of NL?RP3 and IL-1β in MCC950 (NLRP3 ihibitor) group were significantly reduced (P<0.05), the expression of NLRP3 in eucalyptol (IL-1β inhibitor) group was not significantly changed (P>0.05), and the expression of IL-1β was significantly reduced (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Platelet-rich plasma promotes the repair of cartilage in osteoarthritis rabbits, which has better effect than SH. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of NLRP3/IL-1β pathway and the reduction of chondrocyte apoptosis.     

核桃新品种‘鲁绵1号’

‘鲁绵1号’核桃是从‘鸡爪绵’核桃实生群体中选育出的高油抗病新品种。坚果圆形,单果质量15.0 ~ 17.3 g,易取整仁,出仁率46.2%;脂肪含量70.5% ~ 72.0%,蛋白质含量18.8% ~ 20.3%。丰产,抗病。在济南市南部山区8月下旬果实成熟,10年生树平均株产4.9 kg,折合3 013.5 kg • hm-2。     

东省不同地区玉米内生真菌的群落组成和多样性分析

为探究山东省玉米内生真菌的资源分布、群落组成及多样性,采用叶片组织分离法对山东省52个市县的玉米内生真菌进行分离纯化,通过内转录间隔区（internal transcribed spacer,ITS）序列分析技术进行内生真菌的种属鉴定,并分析内生真菌的群落组成和多样性。结果表明,共分离到857株内生真菌,隶属25个属,其中链格孢属Alternaria的菌株数量最多,为583株,占总菌株数的68.03%,其次为镰刀菌属Fusarium有71株,占总菌株数的8.28%;大部分地区的优势属为链格孢属,少数地区的优势属为镰刀菌属、炭疽菌属Colletotrichum和弯孢属Curvularia。不同地区的内生真菌定殖率变化很大,在12.50%~100.00%之间,平均定殖率为76.15%;陵城的多样性指数和均匀度指数最高,分别为1.74和0.97;莱芜的丰富度指数最高为2.22。山东省玉米内生真菌可以分为5个类群,其中黄河流域地区内生真菌定殖率相对较高。表明山东省玉米内生真菌种类丰富,不同地区间多样性水平存在差异。